CST Review Part III

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CST Review Part III

• Protein Synthesis and Physiology

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Part I. Protein Synthesis
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DNA Basics

• Double helixtwisted ladder
• Chromosomeschains of DNA and proteins.
• Contains your genetic info (instructions to make
  proteins)
• Sequences of DNAGenes
• Genescodes for proteinsinstructions for traits

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Protein Synthesis -Standards

• BI4. a. Students know the general pathway by
  which ribosomes synthesize proteins, using tRNAs
  to translate genetic information in mRNA.
• BI5. a. Students know the general structures and
  functions of DNA, RNA, and protein.
• BI5. b. Students know how to apply base-pairing
  rules to explain precise copying of DNA during
  semiconservative replication and transcription of
  information from DNA into mRNA.

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Protein Synthesis Standards Explanation

• BI4. a. Students know the general pathway by
  which ribosomes synthesize proteins, using tRNAs
  to translate genetic information in mRNA.
• 4.a.-ribosomes make proteins by reading a mRNA
  message,which has a code for a specific protein.
• BI5. a. Students know the general structures and
  functions of DNA, RNA, and protein.
• 5.a.-DNA-double helix-contain genetic info,
  RNA-single-stranded, copy of a section of DNA,
  protein-make up many parts of the body
• BI5. b. Students know how to apply base-pairing
  rules to explain precise copying of DNA during
  semiconservative replication and transcription of
  information from DNA into mRNA.
• 5.b.-DNA-(A-T, C-G), RNA-(A-U, C-G, (T)-A)

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Objectives

• SWBAT
• explain the genetic factors that influence the
  way we look.
• recognize that DNA contains the genetic
  information that determines the way we look.
• explain the structure and function of DNA.
• predict the physical characteristics of an
  organism based on its genetic make up.
• understand the general pathway by which ribosomes
  make proteins

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Review-How does your DNA determine what you look
like?

• Your traits are inherited from your parents.
  This means DNA is passed on from generation to
  generation in the form of chromosomes. The codes
  of the DNA called genes have the instructions for
  your traits. You inherit one copy of each gene
  from each parent giving you a certain genetic
  make-up that determines your physical make-up.

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How does your DNA determine what you look like at
the molecular level?

• Your traits are determined by your DNA because
  your DNA has codes/instructions for your traits
  called genes. Genes contain the codes for
  proteins, which make-up many structures such as
  your fingernails, hemoglobin, muscles, and the
  color of your eyes. The process of converting the
  instructions for your traits from your genes into
  protein molecules is called protein synthesis.

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Key Concepts for Protein Synthesis

• Replication-DNA replication copies the genetic
  info of a cell.
• Transcription-converts a gene into a
  single-stranded RNA molecule.
• Translation-converts an mRNA message into a
  polypeptide, or protein.

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What is the central dogma?

• The central dogma describes the flow of
  information from DNA to RNA to proteins.

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Part II. Anatomy and Physiology
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Big Idea Physiology The internal environment of
the human body is stable because of multiple
organ systems working together.

• The human body is made of different levels of
  organization starting with cells and building up
  all the way to organ systems. Organ systems work
  together through mechanisms like negative
  feedback loops to maintain homeostasis in the
  human body.

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Anatomy and Physiology Power Standards

• BI9. a. Students know how the complementary
  activity of major body systems provides cells
  with oxygen and nutrients and removes toxic waste
  products such as carbon dioxide.
• BI9. b. Students know how the nervous system
  mediates communication between different parts of
  the body and the bodys interactions with the
  environment.
• BI9. c. Students know how feedback loops in the
  nervous and endocrine systems regulate conditions
  in the body.
• BI9. d. Students know the functions of the
  nervous system and the role of neurons in
  transmitting electrochemical impulses.

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Anatomy and Physiology Power Standards Explanation

• BI9. a.-Organ systems work together to maintain
  homeostasis by providing cells with oxygen and
  nutrients ,and removes waste products such as
  carbon dioxide.
• BI9. b.-The nervous system is the communication
  network different parts of the body. The nervous
  system processes the bodys interaction with the
  environment.
• BI9. c. Feedback loops (nervous system and
  endocrine system) maintain stable conditions in
  the body (temp.)
• BI9. d.-The function of the nervous system is to
  communicate and control the functions of the
  body. Neurons (nerve cells) send messages to and
  from the nervous system.

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Objectives

• Understand the function of the nervous system.
• Explain how the nervous system maintains
  homeostasis.
• Explain how the nervous sends messages and
  communicates with different parts of the body.

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The Nervous System
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Nervous System Basics

• Controls and coordinates functions throughout the
  body and responds to internal and external
  stimuli.
• This communication helps maintain homeostasis.
• Structures-brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves

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Negative Feedback Loop-Ex.
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Neurotransmission

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v90cj4NX87Yk
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vz3F5dfmQ3hkfeature
  related

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Central and Peripheral Nervous System

• CNS-includes brain and spinal cord, interprets
  messages from other nerves in the body and stores
  some messages for later.
• PNS-network of nerves that transmits messages to
  the CNS and from the CNS to other organs in the
  body. (sensory and motor system)

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Central and Peripheral Nervous System

• CNS
• Made of interneurons
• Receives, interpets, and sends signals to the PNS.

• PNS
• Connects CNS to all of your organ systems
• Uses sensory neurons to detect stimuli
• Uses motor neurons to carry signals from CNS to
  other parts of the body

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The Brain
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What are neurons?

• Neuronsnerve cells
• Neurons-stores info and carries messages within
  the NS and between other body systems.
• 3 types-sensory, interneurons, and motor.
• http//www.infovisual.info/03/video/Nerve20impuls
  e.html

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Neuron
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How are signals transmitted in the nervous system?

• Signals are sent through and between neurons.
• Signal transmission within a neuron is
  electrical.
• Signal transmission between neurons is chemical.

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Anatomy and Physiology Standards II.

• BI10. a. Students know the role of the skin in
  providing nonspecific defenses against infection.
  
• BI10. b. Students know the role of antibodies in
  the bodys response to infection.
• BI10. c. Students know how vaccination protects
  an individual from infectious diseases.
• BI10. d. Students know there are important
  differences between bacteria and viruses with
  respect to their requirements for growth and
  replication, the bodys primary defenses against
  bacterial and viral infections, and effective
  treatments of these infections.
• BI10. e. Students know why an individual with a
  compromised immune system (for example, a person
  with AIDS) may be unable to fight off and survive
  infections by microorganisms that are usually
  benign.

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Anatomy and Physiology Standards II Explanation

• BI10. a. Students know the role of the skin in
  providing nonspecific defenses against infection.
  
• 10.a.Skin protects you from infections by keeping
  pathogens out of your body
• BI10. b. Students know the role of antibodies in
  the bodys response to infection.
• 10.b.Antibodies are proteins that identify
  pathogens and clump them together for phagocytes
  to eat.
• BI10. c. Students know how vaccination protects
  an individual from infectious diseases.
• 10.c. Vaccines are dead or weakened pathogens
  that are injected into the human body to trigger
  an immune response,so that the body knows how to
  fight the pathogen in the future.
• BI10. e. Students know why an individual with a
  compromised immune system (for example, a person
  with AIDS) may be unable to fight off and survive
  infections by microorganisms that are usually
  benign.
• 10.e. Weakened immune systemlessened ability to
  respond to common infections

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Self-Assessment of Understanding

• For the standards you do not understand, research
  the terms and write an explanation of two
  standards in your own words.