Nutrition: Fats/Vitamins/Minerals

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NutritionFats/Vitamins/Minerals

• Chapter 5
• Lesson 4

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Fats/Vitamins/Minerals

• Objective 1 Compare and contrast saturated,
  unsaturated and trans fatty acids
• Objective 2 Understand cholesterol and the
  difference between HDL and LDL
• Objective 3 Identify the two types of vitamins
  and their benefits
• Objectives 4 Identify and explain the benefits
  of minerals

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Fats

• Fats are a type of lipid
• Lipid- A fatty substance that does not dissolve
  in water
• Fats provide more than TWICE the energy of carbs
  or proteins
• 9 calories 1 gram

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Fats

• Classified as 2 types depending on their chemical
  composition
• Saturated
• Unsaturated
• Most fats are a mixture of both types

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Saturated Fatty Acids

• Saturated fatty acids hold all the hydrogen atoms
  they can, meaning they are solid at room
  temperature
• Examples Animal fats/tropical oils
• Palm oil, Coconut oil
• Beef, pork, egg yolks, and dairy foods are higher
  in saturated fat than chicken and fish.
• High intake of saturated fat increased risk of
  heart disease

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Unsaturated Fatty Acids

• Unsaturated fatty acids have 1 unsaturated bond,
  meaning they have room to add hydrogen.
• Examples Vegetable fats
• Olive, canola, soybean, corn and cottonseed oils
• Typically liquids (oils) at room temperature
• Increase in unsaturated fatty acids lower risk
  of heart disease

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2 Types of Unsaturated Fat

• Monounsaturated
• Have only one unsaturated bond
• Are liquid at room temperature
• Solidify when refrigerated
• Examples
• Olive Oil
• Canola Oil

• Polyunsaturated
• Have more than one unsaturated bond
• Liquid at room temp and in the refrigerator
• Examples
• Safflower Oil
• Corn Oil

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Trans-Fats/ Hydrogenated Oils

• Trans fatty Acids
• Trans fats (or trans fatty acids) are created in
  an industrial process that adds hydrogen to
  liquid vegetable oils to make them more solid. 
  Another name for trans fats is partially
  hydrogenated oils." 
• Trans fats give foods a desirable taste and
  texture. 
• Inexpensive to produce and lasts a long time
• Examples
• Fried Foods (Fries, Doughnuts, Chicken)
• Baked Goods (Pie crust, cookies, crackers,
  margarine)

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Video

• Trans-Fats
• How Trans-Fats have became our Enemy
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v5aukVvYC-WA
• Supersize me The Burning Fry Experiment
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vgmT5E-K1VX4

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Role of Fats

• Fats are essential to transport vitamins, A,D,E,
  and K in your blood.
• They serve as sources of linoleic acid, an
  essential fatty acid that is needed for growth
  and healthy skin.
• Fats add texture and flavor to foods
• Help satisfy hunger longer than carbs and
  proteins
• No more than 20-30 of your daily caloric intake

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Cholesterol

• Cholesterol
• A waxy lipid-like substance that circulates in
  blood.
• Cannot dissolve in your blood, carried by
  lipoproteins
• 2 major types
• LDL- Low Density ?bad
• HDL- High Density ? good
• A high intake saturated fat can lead to an
  increase in cholesterol

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Vitamins

• Vitamins
• Are compounds that help regulate many vital body
  processes including
• Digestion, absorption, and metabolism of other
  nutrients.
• 2 types Water or Fat soluble
• Water- Dissolve in water, and pass easily into
  the blood during digestion. (figure 5.1)
• Ex Vitamins C, B1, B2, Niacin, B6, B12, Folic
  Acid
• Fat- Absorbed, stored and transported in fat (Fig
  5. 2)
• Ex Vitamins A, D, E, and K

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Minerals/Water

• Minerals
• Substances that the body cannot manufacture but
  are needed to form healthy bones and teeth.
• Ex Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Iron
• Water
• Vital to our everyday body function
• Lubricates your joins and mucous membranes
• Drink 8 cups a day
• Some beverages (caffeine, juice) cause us to lose
  some of the water through increased urination.
• Some fruits and vegetables contain water

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Controversial Topics

• Radiating Lettuce and Spinach
• http//www.cnn.com/video//video/bestoftv/2008/08/
  21/ldt.schiavone.food.safety.cnn?irefvideosearch
• http//cbs5.com/health/radiation.lettuce.spinach.2
  .800109.html?detectflashfalse
• Genetically Modified foods
• http//abcnews.go.com/WNT/video/foods-provide-labe
  ls-genetically-modified-products-18694518
• http//video.foxnews.com/v/1755951753001/people-sp
  eak-frankenfood-goes-before-california-voters/
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vSHWUyHNCQlc

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Continued

• Arsenic in rice
• http//abcnews.go.com/Health/arsenic-rice-report-f
  inds-worrisome-levels/story?id17267872
• BPA in canned goods
• http//www.nbcchicago.com/video/!/news/health/Obe
  sity---BPA/170329476

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Interactive Study Guide

• http//glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/00787
  26549/359988/InterActCh5Ls2.html