Chapter 6: Digital Media for Work and Leisure

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Chapter 6 Digital Media for Work and Leisure

• Succeeding with Technology Second Edition

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Objectives

• Understand the uses of digital audio and todays
  digital music technologies
• Describe the many uses of 2D and 3D digital
  graphics and the technologies behind them
• Explain the technologies available to acquire,
  edit, distribute, and print digital photos, and
  list new advances in video technologies and
  distribution
• Discuss how interactive media is used to educate
  and entertain

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Digital Music and Audio

• Digital audio
• Any type of sound recorded and stored digitally
  as a series of 1s and 0s
• Digital music
• Subcategory of digital audio that involves
  recording and storing music
• Digitization of music and audio
• Has created new challenges to the creative and
  intellectual property rights of artists

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Digitizing Music and Audio

• Sound
• The displacement of air particles caused by
  vibration and sensed by the eardrum
• Analog
• Signals that vary continuously
• Sampling
• Used to encode sound wave as binary numbers

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Digital Sound for Professionals

• Digital voice recorders
• Used to capture dialog for future reference
• Digital sound in scientific research
• Have used digital audio to study various natural
  phenomena
• Digital sound in law enforcement
• Uses digital processing to denoise, enhance,
  edit, and detect sounds
• Digital sound in entertainment and communication
• Uses a wide variety of audio hardware and
  software

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Digital Music and Audio Production Professional
Music Production

• Multitrack recording devices
• Treat each instrument or microphone as a separate
  input, or track
• Synthesizer
• Electronically produces sounds designed to be
  similar to the sounds of real instruments
• Sampler
• Digitally records real musical instrument sounds
  

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Digital Music and Audio Production (continued)

• Sequencer
• Allows musicians to create multitrack recordings
• Musical instrument digital interface (MIDI)
  protocol
• Implemented in 1983
• Provides a standard language for digital music
  devices to use in communicating with each other
• Integrated digital studios
• Package many digital recording devices in one
  unit for convenient home recording

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Digital Music and Audio Formats, Storage Media,
Players, and Software

• Digital music and audio file formats
• Most often distributed on CDs
• Increasing trend towards distribution over
  Internet
• Digital music and audio storage media
• Burned to CD in special format designed for audio
  CDs
• Digital music, audio players, and software
• Media player software (iTunes)
• Portable MP3 players

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Digital Music and Audio Distribution

• Illegal downloading and copying
• Said to have cost music industry 6 billion
  between 1998 and 2003
• Caused a loss of 22 percent of the entire music
  market
• Apples iTunes
• First service to capture attention of music
  downloaders

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Digital Music and Audio Distribution (continued)

• Big four online music services
• iTunes, MSN Music, Napster, and Rhapsody
• Streaming audio
• Internet technology that plays audio files as
  they are being delivered
• Digital rights management (DRM)
• Technology invented to protect intellectual
  property in digital files
• Satellite radio
• Digital radio that uses satellite communications

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Digital Graphics

• Computer-based media applications that support
• Creating, editing, and viewing 2D and 3D images
  and animation
• Not the exclusive domain of artists
• Artistic and nonartistic people
• Are finding themselves called upon or inspired to
  create digital artwork

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Digitizing Graphics

• Pixels
• A grid of small points
• Bit-mapped graphics or raster graphics
• Representing an image using bytes
• Ideal for representing photorealistic images
• Pixilation or fuzziness
• Occurs when bit-mapped images are made larger
  than the size at which they are captured
• Vector graphics
• Use bytes to store geometric descriptions

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Graphics File Formats

• Standards
• Windows bitmap (.bmp)
• Graphics Interchange Format (.gif)
• Joint Photographic Experts Group (.jpg or .jpeg)
• Portable Network Graphics (.png)
• Tagged Image File Format (.tiff or .tif)

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Graphics File Formats (continued)

• Lossless compression
• Allows the original data to be reconstructed
  without loss
• Lossy compression
• Accepts some loss of data to achieve higher rates
  of compression
• File sizes and image quality
• Can be controlled by adjusting the color depth

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Uses of Digital Graphics

• Digital art
• Uses computer software as the brush and the
  computer display as the canvas
• Scientific visualization
• Uses computer graphics to provide visual
  representations that improve our understanding of
  some phenomenon
• Computer-assisted design (CAD) software
• Assists designers, engineers, and architects in
  designing three dimensional objects

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Vector Graphics Software

• Provides tools to create, arrange, and layer
  graphical objects on the screen
• Vector graphics
• Uses object-oriented approach that recognizes
  pictures as being made up of layers of multiple
  objects
• Primary benefit of object-oriented approach of
  vector graphics
• Objects in the picture can be manipulated
  independently

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Three-Dimensional Modeling Software

• 3D modeling software
• Provides graphics tools that allow artists to
  create pictures of realistic 3D models
• Three-dimensional modeling
• Takes the object oriented approach of vector
  graphics to the next level
• Ray tracing
• Three-dimensional modeling

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Computer Animation

• Digital graphics animation
• Involves displaying digital images in rapid
  succession to provide the illusion of motion
• Animated graphics
• Employ either 2D or 3D objects
• Animated GIF
• The most basic form of animation

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Digital Photography and Video Digital
Photography

• Digital photos
• Created, or acquired, using a digital camera
• Digital cameras
• Ranked by the amount of megapixels they can
  capture
• Memory cards that come with digital cameras
• Often have limited capacity

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Digital Photography (continued)

• Photo-editing software allows you to
• Alter the hue and saturation of the colors in the
  photograph
• Smooth surfaces or remove flaws in surfaces.
• Remove red eye
• Smooth edges and sharpen focus
• Crop and realign photos

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Digital Video

• Is becoming increasingly accessible for personal
  enjoyment as well as professional use
• Used to review the movement of athletes and
  determine how to perfect their abilities
• Used to study pedestrian and traffic patterns
• Forensic graphics
• Used to create animations and exhibits to use in
  courts of law

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Digital Video (continued)

• Video-editing software
• Allows professional and amateur videographers to
  edit bad footage out and rearrange the good
  footage
• Storyline
• Allows videographer to arrange video scenes
  sequentially and
• Specify the transition effects between each scene

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Interactive Media

• Digital media presentations that involve user
  interaction for education, training, or
  entertainment
• Typically combines digital audio and digital
  video for a full digital media experience
• Virtual reality
• Occurs when interactive media incorporates 3D
  graphic animation

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Education and Training

• Interactive media is being used in many education
  environments
• In the traditional classroom setting
• In distance learning
• In museums
• In skills training

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Commercial Applications of Interactive Media

• Role of interactive media
• In Web-based e-commerce
• Provides fundamental technology for 3D product
  viewing
• Used to provide product support and customer
  training

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Interactive Video Games

• Video game consoles
• High-powered multiprocessor computers designed to
  support 3D interactive multimedia
• Video game development requires a team effort
  from specialists in a variety of areas
• Game designers
• Artists, sound designers
• Programmers, and testers

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Interactive TV

• A digital television service that includes one or
  more of the following
• Video on demand
• Personal video recorder
• Local information on TV
• Purchase over TV
• Internet access over TV
• Video games over TV

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Summary

• Digital audio
• Includes both digital music and digital sound
• Sound wave
• Can be represented with numbers, digitally,
  through a process called analog-to digital
  conversion (ADC)
• Digital graphics
• Computer-based media applications that support
• Creating, editing, and viewing 2D and 3D images
  and animation

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Summary (continued)

• Digital photos
• Acquired from a digital camera or scanner
• Photo-editing software
• Provides editing tools for manipulating,
  enhancing, and repairing digital photographs
• Interactive media
• Multimedia presentations that involve user
  interaction for education, training, or
  entertainment