Inside Earth: Chapter 1- Plate Tectonics

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Inside Earth Chapter 1- Plate Tectonics

• Section 1 Earths Interior

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What caused a 2.5 square kilometer landmass to
form in the ocean off the coast of Iceland in
1963?

• An erupting volcano underneath the ocean caused
  an island form and to continually to grow in size
  for many years

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What did the Icelanders name this landmass? Who
did they name it after?

• Icelanders named their new landmass Surtsey the
  god of fire

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The Science of Geology
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A scientist who studies the forces that make and
shape planet Earth are called ______.

• geologists

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Geologists study the _____ and _____
characteristics of ______, the material that
forms the surface of Earth.

• Chemical
• Physical
• Rock

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Geologists divide the forces that change the
earths surface into two groups _____ _____
_____ _____.

• Constructive forces
• Destructive forces

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The force that builds up mountains and other
landforms is known as a ______.

• Constructive Force

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The force that slowly wears away at mountains and
eventually, every other feature on the surface of
Earth is known as a _____ force.

• Destructive force

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List some other examples of this type of a
constructive force.

• Islands from volcanoes
• Flooding-fertile soil
• Weather-rain

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List some examples of this type of destructive
force.

• Ocean waves
• Weatheringerosion
• Earthquakes

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Continent

• A Landmass that is surrounded by water on all
  sides
• Earth has seven continents

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Figure 2 Observing What are the geologists in
each picture doing?

• The geologist in the top picture are studying the
  characteristics of a cave
• The geologist in the bottom picture is
  investigating rock layers

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Geologists examine the layers of Earth to answer
what three questions?

• How old is Earth?
• How has Earths surface changed over time?
• Why are there oceans, and how did they form?

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Checkpoint What kind of indirect evidence do
geologists use to study the structure of Earth?

• Geologists record seismic waves and study how
  they travel through Earth

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Guide For Reading What does a geologist do?

• Geologists study the processes that create
  Earths features and search for clues about
  Earths history.

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A Journey to the Center of the Earth
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Describe the features of a vehicle that would be
needed to travel to the center of Earth.

• A drill
• A pressure detecting device
• A temperature detecting device
• A device that detects composition

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Describe the temperature change that takes place
as the depth inside Earth increases.

• Rock near the surface would be cool
• About 20 meters down the rock gets warmer
• For every 40 meters that descends a temperature
  increases 1C

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The force pushing on a surface or area is known
as _______.

• Pressure

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Why does the pressure increase as you go deeper
into Earth?

• The pressure increases as you go deeper inside
  the earth because amount and weight of the rock
  increases

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Figure 4 Comparing Contrasting How is the
water in the swimming pool similar to Earths
interior? How is it different?

• The deeper the water in the pool, the greater the
  pressure, just as pressure is greater the deeper
  you go beneath the surface of Earth
• The water in the pool does not have layers

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Guide For Reading What are the main layers of
Earths surface?

• The three main layers make up Earths interior
• The crust
• The mantle
• The core
• Each layer has its own conditions and materials

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The oceanic crust is made of _____, a dark, dense
rock with fine texture.

• Basalt

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The continental crust is made of ______, which is
made of larger crystals, is less dense and is
lighter in color.

• Granite

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Figure 5 Comparing Contrasting-Which rock
looks as if its made up of one material? of
Several materials?

• The basalt looks like its made of one material
• The granite looks like its made of several
  materials.

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Earths Magnetic Field
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Figure 7 Relating Cause Effect If you
shifted the magnet beneath the paper, what would
happen to the iron filings?

• The iron filings would move with the magnet,
  again forming the same pattern above the magnets
  new position.

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What happens in Earths interior to produce
Earths magnetic field?

• Currents in the liquid outer core force the solid
  inner core to spin
• Like a planet within a planet, the inner core
  spins inside Earth at a slightly faster rate than
  the rest of the planet

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Sharpen Your Skills Creating Data Tables Imagine
that you have invented a super-strong vehicle
that can resist extremely high pressure as it
bores a tunnel deep into Earths interior. You
stop several times on your trip to collect data
using devices located on your vehicles outer
hull. To see what conditions you would find at
various depths on your journey, refer to
Exploring Earths Interior on pages 22-23.
Complete the table below.
Depth Name of Layer Composition
20 km
100 km
2,000 km
4,000 km
6,000 km
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Sharpen Your Skills Creating Data Tables Imagine
that you have invented a super-strong vehicle
that can resist extremely high pressure as it
bores a tunnel deep into Earths interior. You
stop several times on your trip to collect data
using devices located on your vehicles outer
hull. To see what conditions you would find at
various depths on your journey, refer to
Exploring Earths Interior on pages 22-23.
Complete the table below.
Depth Name of Layer Composition
20 km crust
100 km
2,000 km
4,000 km
6,000 km
34
Sharpen Your Skills Creating Data Tables Imagine
that you have invented a super-strong vehicle
that can resist extremely high pressure as it
bores a tunnel deep into Earths interior. You
stop several times on your trip to collect data
using devices located on your vehicles outer
hull. To see what conditions you would find at
various depths on your journey, refer to
Exploring Earths Interior on pages 22-23.
Complete the table below.
Depth Name of Layer Composition
20 km crust Solid rock, mainly granite and basalt
100 km
2,000 km
4,000 km
6,000 km
35
Sharpen Your Skills Creating Data Tables Imagine
that you have invented a super-strong vehicle
that can resist extremely high pressure as it
bores a tunnel deep into Earths interior. You
stop several times on your trip to collect data
using devices located on your vehicles outer
hull. To see what conditions you would find at
various depths on your journey, refer to
Exploring Earths Interior on pages 22-23.
Complete the table below.
Depth Name of Layer Composition
20 km crust Solid rock, mainly granite and basalt
100 km mantle
2,000 km
4,000 km
6,000 km
36
Sharpen Your Skills Creating Data Tables Imagine
that you have invented a super-strong vehicle
that can resist extremely high pressure as it
bores a tunnel deep into Earths interior. You
stop several times on your trip to collect data
using devices located on your vehicles outer
hull. To see what conditions you would find at
various depths on your journey, refer to
Exploring Earths Interior on pages 22-23.
Complete the table below.
Depth Name of Layer Composition
20 km crust Solid rock, mainly granite and basalt
100 km mantle Solid rock
2,000 km
4,000 km
6,000 km
37
Sharpen Your Skills Creating Data Tables Imagine
that you have invented a super-strong vehicle
that can resist extremely high pressure as it
bores a tunnel deep into Earths interior. You
stop several times on your trip to collect data
using devices located on your vehicles outer
hull. To see what conditions you would find at
various depths on your journey, refer to
Exploring Earths Interior on pages 22-23.
Complete the table below.
Depth Name of Layer Composition
20 km crust Solid rock, mainly granite and basalt
100 km mantle Solid rock
2,000 km mantle
4,000 km
6,000 km
38
Sharpen Your Skills Creating Data Tables Imagine
that you have invented a super-strong vehicle
that can resist extremely high pressure as it
bores a tunnel deep into Earths interior. You
stop several times on your trip to collect data
using devices located on your vehicles outer
hull. To see what conditions you would find at
various depths on your journey, refer to
Exploring Earths Interior on pages 22-23.
Complete the table below.
Depth Name of Layer Composition
20 km crust Solid rock, mainly granite and basalt
100 km mantle Solid rock
2,000 km mantle Solid or molten material
4,000 km
6,000 km
39
Sharpen Your Skills Creating Data Tables Imagine
that you have invented a super-strong vehicle
that can resist extremely high pressure as it
bores a tunnel deep into Earths interior. You
stop several times on your trip to collect data
using devices located on your vehicles outer
hull. To see what conditions you would find at
various depths on your journey, refer to
Exploring Earths Interior on pages 22-23.
Complete the table below.
Depth Name of Layer Composition
20 km crust Solid rock, mainly granite and basalt
100 km mantle Solid rock
2,000 km mantle Solid or molten material
4,000 km Outer core
6,000 km
40
Sharpen Your Skills Creating Data Tables Imagine
that you have invented a super-strong vehicle
that can resist extremely high pressure as it
bores a tunnel deep into Earths interior. You
stop several times on your trip to collect data
using devices located on your vehicles outer
hull. To see what conditions you would find at
various depths on your journey, refer to
Exploring Earths Interior on pages 22-23.
Complete the table below.
Depth Name of Layer Composition
20 km crust Solid rock, mainly granite and basalt
100 km mantle Solid rock
2,000 km mantle Solid or molten material
4,000 km Outer core Molten iron nickel
6,000 km
41
Sharpen Your Skills Creating Data Tables Imagine
that you have invented a super-strong vehicle
that can resist extremely high pressure as it
bores a tunnel deep into Earths interior. You
stop several times on your trip to collect data
using devices located on your vehicles outer
hull. To see what conditions you would find at
various depths on your journey, refer to
Exploring Earths Interior on pages 22-23.
Complete the table below.
Depth Name of Layer Composition
20 km crust Solid rock, mainly granite and basalt
100 km mantle Solid rock
2,000 km mantle Solid or molten material
4,000 km Outer core Molten iron nickel
6,000 km Inner core
42
Sharpen Your Skills Creating Data Tables Imagine
that you have invented a super-strong vehicle
that can resist extremely high pressure as it
bores a tunnel deep into Earths interior. You
stop several times on your trip to collect data
using devices located on your vehicles outer
hull. To see what conditions you would find at
various depths on your journey, refer to
Exploring Earths Interior on pages 22-23.
Complete the table below.
Depth Name of Layer Composition
20 km crust Solid rock, mainly granite and basalt
100 km mantle Solid rock
2,000 km mantle Solid or molten material
4,000 km Outer core Molten iron nickel
6,000 km Inner core Solid iron nickel