The Reproductive System

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The Reproductive System

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Composition

• Internal genital organ
• Gonads (sex glands)-manufacture the sex cells an
  secrete the sex hormones.
• Genital ducts transport the sex cells from the
  site of production into site fertilization
• Accessory glands-secrete the fluid
• External genital organ

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The Male Reproduce System ??????
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Male internal genital organs

• Gonad testis ??
• Paired, smooth, ovoid male reproductive organ,
  slightly flattened anteroposteriorly
• Located in scrotum
• Has a tough fibrous coat, the tunica albuginea,
  this sends numerous fibrous septules into the
  gland, dividing it into testicular lobules that
  contain the contorted seminiferous tubules.
  Posteriorly the tubules form the rete testis and
  the efferent ducts, and open into the head of the
  epididymis
• Produces sperm and secretes androgens

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Genital ducts

• Epididymis ??
• Comma-shaped, with head, body and tail of
  epididymis
• Located on superior extremity and posterolateral
  aspect of testis
• Contains tortuous canal that extends from testis
  to ductus (vas) deferens in spermatic cord
• Function the site of accumulation and storage
  of sperm

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• Ductus deferens ???
• Muscular tube that transports sperm form
  epididymis to ejaculatory duct
• Four part
• Testicular part ???
• -extends form the tail of epididymis to the
  superior extremity of testis
• Spermatic part ???
  -extends form superior extremity of testis to the
  superficial inguinal ring, the place where the
  vasectomy is performed
• Inguinal part ???? -extends
  form superficial to deep inguinal rings
• Pelvic part ??
  -crosses the obturator neurovascular bundle and
  the ureter to reach the base of bladder, terminal
  part dilates, forming ampulla ductus deferentis

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• Spermatic cord ??
• Extends from the superior extremity of testis to
  the deep inguinal ring
• Contens of the spermatic cord comprise
• Ductus deferend
• Testicular and deferential arteries
• Pampiniform plexus ?????
• Nerves and lymphatics
• Vestige of vagina process
• These structures are bound together by connective
  tissue and enclosed by the internal spermatic
  fascia, cremaster and external spermatic fascia

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Vasectomy
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• Ejaculatory duct ???
• Formed by union of distal portion ductus deferens
  and duct of seminal vesicle
• Passes through the upper part of prostate and
  opens into the prostatic part of urethra

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Accessory glands

• Seminal vesicle ??
• Paired sacculated, coiled glands
• Secrete part of seminal fluid
• Located on posterior surface of bladder, lateral
  to ampulla ductus deferentis

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• Prostate ???
• Lies behind pubic symphysis, between neck of
  bladder and urogenital diaphragm
• Shape
• Chestnut-shaped organ
• Base
• Apex
• Anterior surfaces
• Posterior surfaces- prostatic sulcus ????
• Contains of five lobes
• Anterior lobe
• Middle lobe
• Posterior lobe
• Right and left lobes
• Enclosed by a thin inner fibrous capsule (true
  capsule) and a strong outer envelope of pelvic
  fascia

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• Bulbourethral gland????
  -two small pea-shaped
  glands, located in the deep transverse muscle of
  perineum, opens into bulb of urethrartery

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External genital organs

• Scrotum ??
• Pouch of thin skin lying below the root of the
  penis
• Divided into two haves by septum of scrotum,
  contains testes and their ducts
• Deep to skin is dartos coat ??, a connective
  tissue layer that contains many smooth muscle
  fibers which contracts in response to cold,
  pulling the testes closer to the body and
  wrinkling the skin

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• Penis ??
• Consists of the root, body and glans penis
• Contains
• Two cavernous body of penis ?????
• A cavernous body of urethra ?????
• Skin-thin and loose
• Prepuce of penis ????
• Frenulum of prepuce ????

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Male urethra ????

• Three parts
• Prostatic part ???? -lies within the prostate
  and is the widest and most dilatable portion of
  urethra.
• Membranous part ?? lies within the urogenital
  diaphragm surround by the sphincter of urethra
• Cavernous part ????-transverse the length of
  cavernous body of urethra
• Posterior urethra-prostatic part and membranous
  part
• Anterior urethra -cavernous part

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• Within prostatic part
• Urethral ridge ???
• Prostatic utricle ?????
• The orifices of the ejaculatory ducts

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• Three constrictions
• At the internal urethral orifice
• At the membranous part
• At the external orifice of urethra
• Three enlarged parts
• At prostatic part
• At bulb of urethra
• At navicular fossa of urethra

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• Two curvatures
• Subpubic curvature????-concave upward
• Prepubic curvature ????-concave downward

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The Female Genital Organs
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Female internal genital organs
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Ovary ??

• Position-lies in the ovarian fossa in the angle
  between the internal and external iliac vessels
  on the lateral pelvic wall.
• Shape-an ovoid organ
• Superior pole
• Inferior pole
• Anterior border
• Mesovarian border ???
• Hilum of ovary ???
• Posterior border-free border
• Two surfaces-medial and lateral

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• Supporting structures of ovary
• Suspensory ligament of ovary ?????
• Proper ligament of ovary ??????
• Produce ova and secrete estrogens

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Uterine tube ???

• General features
• About 10cm long
• Located at upper edge of broad ligament of uterus
  between the two layers

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• Four parts
• Infundibulum of uterine tube ?????
• Fimbriae of uterine tube ????
• ovarian fimbriartery ???
• Ampulla of uterine tube ?????-relatively wide,
  tortuous, longst part, thin walls fertilization
  of the ovum takes placein its complex lumen

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• Isthmus of uterine tube ???? -straight and
  narrow portion, thick walls, it is the place
  where the tubal ligation is performed usually
• Uterine part ??? -narrowest part, pierces uterine
  wall and opens into cavity of uterus by uterine
  orifice of uterine tube

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Uterus ??

• General features-muscular pear-shaped organ
• Three parts
• Fundus of uterus ???
• Body of uterus ???
• Neck of uterus ???
• Vaginalparts of cervix ??????
• Supravaginal parts of cervix ???????
• Isthmus of uterus??? -short
  constricted part, transition between the body and
  the neck of uterus, taken up by body of uterus
  during pregnancy, thus lower uterine segment

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• Interior cavity
• Cavity of uterus ???-the cavity of body of
  uterus, is triangular in coronal section
• Canal of cervix of uterus ????-the cavity of the
  neck, is spindle-shaped, opens into the vagina at
  the orifice of uterus???

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• Position
• Lies in the center of the pelvic catity, between
  bladder, anteriorly, and rectum, posteriorly,
  usually it is anteversion and anteflexion
• Anteversion ?? -axis of uterus at
  90o with that of vagina
• Anteflexion ?? -axis of body of
  uterus is bent forward with that of the cervix
  forming an angle of about 170o (body of uterus is
  bent slightly forward at isthmus)

90o
170o
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• Supports of uterus
• Pelvic diaphragm
• Surrounding organs vagina and bladder
• Ligaments
• Broad ligament of uterus ?????
• Round ligament of uterus ?????
  -maintain anteverted position of fundus
• Cardinal ligament of uterus ?????
• Uterosacral ligament of uterus ?????

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• Broad ligament of uterus ?????
• Mesosalpinx for the uterine tubes ?????
• Mesometrium for the ovary ????
• Mesovarium ????

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• Cardinal ligament of uterus ?????
  -confer lateral stability to
  cervical region
• Uterosacral ligament of uterus ?????
  -maintain body of uterus in
  anteverted position.

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Vagina ??

• Flattened fibromuscular tube, about 89cm long
• Extends upward and backward from vestibule to
  uterus
• Fornix of vagina ???
• Formed between cervix and walls of vagina
• Posterior fornix deepest and larger than either
  anterior or lateral fornices, and related to the
  rectouterine pouch

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Accessory gland

• Great vestibular gland ????
• On either side of vaginal orifice
• Open into vestibule at orifice of vagina

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Female external genital organs

• Mons pubis ??
• Greater lips of pudendum ???
• Lesser lips of pudendum ???
• Vaginal vestibule ????
• Clitoris ??
• Bulb of vestibule ???