taxonomy

1
taxonomy

• How we classify organisms based upon structural
  similarities and differences

2
Carolus Linnaeus

• The Father of Modern Taxonomy
• Established methods for classifying and naming
  organisms that are still used
• BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE
• Two name names

3
(No Transcript)
4
Five kingdoms system

• The most general classification
• Monera bacteria
• Protist
• Fungi
• Plants
• animals

5
Kingdom Monera

• Prokaryotic
• No membrane-bound organelles
• No nuclear membrane
• Unicellular
• Some are heterotrophic
• cyanobacteria are autotrophic because they
  perform photosynthesis

6
Protists

• Eukaryotic
• Membrane-bound organelles
• Nuclear membrane
• Mainly unicellular
• Some are heterotrophic and some are autotrophic

7
protozoa

• These do not have cell walls
• Examples include ameba and paramecium

8
(No Transcript)
9
(No Transcript)
10
Algae

• These protists have cell walls and chloroplasts
• These protists are autotrophic
• Some are multi-cellular like sea weed!

11
Blue algae
12
fungi

• Fungi are eukaryotic
• Fungi can be unicellular
• Yeast and bread mold
• Fungi can be multicellular
• mushrooms
• All fungi are heterotrophic

13

• A fungus lives on its food source
• They absorb the nutrients they need from the
  environment
• Digestive enzymes are secreted into their food
  source for EXTRACELLULAR digestion
• The end products of digestion (nutrients) are
  absorbed

14
(No Transcript)
15
Plants

• All plants are multicellular
• All plants are eukaryotic
• All plants are autotrophic
• Plant cell walls are made of cellulose

16
bryophytes

• No true roots stems or leaves
• No vascular tissue to circulate food or water
• They are only a few centimeters in height
• Must live in a moist area
• mosses

17
Tracheophytes

• True roots, stems and leaves
• They have vascular tissue to circulate food and
  water
• They can grow to great heights
• They can live in many different environments

18
Animals

• All animals are eukaryotic
• All animals are multicellular
• All animals are heterotrophic

19
Classification

• Kingdom most general
• Phylum related classes
• Class related orders
• Order related families
• Family related genus
• Genus related species
• Species most specific

20
Species name

• Based on a system of binomial nomenclature
• The Latin version of the genus and species of an
  organism
• Members of a species must be able to successfully
  reproduce and have fertile offspring

21
Human versus chimpanzee

• Human
• Animalia
• Chordata
• Mammalia
• Primates
• Hominid
• Homo
• Homo sapien

• Chimpanzee
• Animalia
• Chordata
• Mammalia
• Primates
• Pongid
• Pan
• Pan troglodyte