The 21st Century Internet

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The 21st Century Internet

• Invited Talk in the
• Samuel D. Conte Distinguished Lecture Series
• Purdue University
• West Lafayette, IN
• January 28, 2002

Larry Smarr Department of Computer Science and
Engineering Jacobs School of Engineering,
UCSD Director, California Institute for
Telecommunications and Information Technology
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The 21st Century Internet
After twenty years, the "S-curve" of building out
the wired internet with hundreds of millions of
PCs as its end points is flattening out, with
corresponding lowering of the growth rates of the
major suppliers of that global infrastructure. At
the same time, several new "S-curves" are
reaching their steep slope as ubiquitous
computing begins to sweep the planet. Leading
this will be a vast expansion in heterogeneous
end-points to a new wireless internet, moving IP
throughout the physical world. Billions of
internet connected cell phones, embedded
processors, hand held devices, sensors, and
actuators will lead to radical new applications.
The resulting vast increase in data streams,
augmented by the advent of mass market broadband
to homes and businesses, will drive the backbone
of the internet to a pure optical lambda-switched
network of tremendous capacity. Finally,
peer-to-peer computing and storage will
increasingly provide a vast untapped capability
to power this emergent planetary computer. I will
describe how the newly formed Cal-(IT)2 Institute
is organizing research in each of these areas.
Large scale "Laboratories for Living in the
Future" are being designed, some of which provide
opportunities for collaboration with Purdue
faculty.
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The Co-Evolution of Infrastructures

• Automobile / Highway Infrastructure
• Internal Combustion Engine ? Personal Automobile
• Two-Lane Standard Width for Inter-Roading
• Co-Evolved Industries
• Petroleum
• Rubber
• Steel
• Concrete
• PC / Wired Internet Infrastructure
• Microprocessor ? Personal Computer
• TCP/IP Standard for Inter-Networking
• Co-Evolved Industries
• Semiconductor Memory
• Disk Drives
• Operating Systems
• Databases
• Computer Graphics

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Technologies Expand Into SocietyFollowing an
S-Curve
Automobile Adoption
Source Harry Dent, The Great Boom Ahead
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The Automobile Industry Grew Up Concurrently The
Inter-Highway System
Interstate Highway System
Two Lane Highways
Unpaved Roads
American Automobile Industry
Source James M. Utterback, Mastering the
Dynamics of Innovation Slide from Forest
Baskett, NEA
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The PC Industry Grew Up Concurrently with the
Internet
Commercial Internet
ARPAnet
NSFnet
IBM PC
Source DISK/TREND reports and Management
Science Slide from Forest Baskett, NEA
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Such Rapid Buildouts of InfrastructureOften Lead
to Speculative Stock Bubbles
Young Hot Companies General Motors
Dell Westinghouse AOL US Steel Intel RCA
Qualcomm Sears Amazon
NASDAQ Close
800
1000
1200
Trading Days
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The Next S-Curves of Internet Growth A Mobile
Internet Powered by a Planetary Grid

• Wireless Access--Anywhere, Anytime
• Broadband Speeds
• Always Best Connected
• Billions of New Wireless Internet End Points
• Information Appliances
• Sensors and Actuators
• Embedded Processors
• Emergence of a Distributed Planetary Computer
• Parallel Lambda Optical Backbone
• Storage of Data Everywhere
• Scalable Distributed Computing Power

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Cal-(IT)2 -- An Integrated Approach to Research
on the Future of the Internet
220 UCSD UCI Faculty Working in
Multidisciplinary Teams With Students, Industry,
and the Community
www.calit2.net
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We Are About to Transition to a Mobile Internet
Third Generation Cellular Systems Will Add
Internet, QoS, and High Speeds
Source Ericsson
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Wireless Technologies Are a Strong Academic
Research Discipline
Center for Wireless Communications
Two Dozen ECE and CSE Faculty
ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION
LOW-POWERED CIRCUITRY
COMMUNICATION THEORY
COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
MULTIMEDIA APPLICATIONS
Architecture Media Access Scheduling End-to-End
QoS Hand-Off
Changing Environment Protocols Multi-Resolution
RF Mixed A/D ASIC Materials
Modulation Channel Coding Multiple
Access Compression
Smart Antennas Adaptive Arrays
Source UCSD CWC
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Experimental Chip Design with Industrial Partner
Support
A Multiple Crystal Interface Phase Lock Loop
(PLL) for a Bluetooth Transceiver with Voltage
Control Oscillator (VCO) Realignment to Reduce
Noise
Source Ian Galton, UCSD ECE, CWC
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Cellular Internet is Already Here At
Experimental Sites

• UCSD Has Been First Beta Test Site
• Qualcomms 1xEV Cellular Internet
• Optimized for Packet Data Services
• Uses a 1.25 MHz channel
• 2.4 Mbps Peak Forward Rate
• Part of the CDMA2000 Tech Family
• Can Be Used as Stand-Alone
• Chipsets in Development Support
• PacketVideos PVPlayer MPEG-4
• gpsOne Global Positioning System
• Bluetooth
• MP3
• MIDI
• BREW

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Goal Smooth Handoff by Mobile Device Faced With
Heterogeneous Access Network
Identify Issues Related to Handoff Between WLAN
and WWAN Networks and Implement a Test-bed
Ramesh Rao, Kameshwari Chebrolou UCSD-CWC,
Cal-(IT)2
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The Cal-(IT)2 Grid Model for Wireless Services
Middleware
Applications
Wireless Services Interface
Mobile Code
Location Awareness
Security
Power Control
Data Management
Real-Time Services
J. Pasquale, UCSD
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Sensors Enable Real-Time Monitoring of
BridgesThrough Wireless Internet
Maria Feng UCI Civil Environmental Engineering
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Integrating Wireless, Sensor and Data-Management
Technologies
Source Graviton, a Cal-(IT)2 Partner
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Millions of Video Cameras Will Add Image Data
Streams to the Net

• London Underground
• Initially 25,000 Video Cameras
• Expansion to 250,000 Possible
• British Transport Police Switch to Any Camera in
  1 Sec.
• Source Telindus
• British CCTV System
• Currently 2.5 Million CCTV Cameras Installed (NY
  Times)
• Average London Citizen is Seen by 300 Cameras Per
  Day
• Face Recognition Software Added in High Crime
  Areas
• Up to 6 Million Surveillance Cameras Across the
  USA in 5-7 Years
• Privacy International Prediction

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Shrinking Flying Wireless Sensor Platforms From
Predator to Biomimetic Robots
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The Human Body Will Becomean Internet Data Source

• Patent Pending

Non-Invasive Platform - Smart Band-Aid Can Also
Link to Invasive Sensors
Source PhiloMetron
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Adding Wireless Sensors to Systems-on-Chip Will
Create Brilliant Sensors
Critical New Role of Power Aware Systems
Ad Hoc Hierarchical Networks of Brilliant Sensors
Source Sujit Dey, UCSD ECE
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Over the Next Decade We Will Create the Field of
Nanobioinfoengineering
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New Cal-(IT)2 Buildings Have Clean Rooms for
Materials and Device Research
UCSD Building 2004
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A LambdaGrid Will Be the Backbone for an
e-Science Network
Apps Middleware

• Metro Area Laboratories Springing Up Worldwide
• Developing GigE and 10GigE Applications and
  Services
• Testing Optical Switches
• Metro Optical Testbeds-the next GigaPOP?

Clusters
C O N T R O L P L A N E
Dynamically Allocated Lightpaths
Switch Fabrics
Physical Monitoring
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Research Topics for Building an e-Science
LambdaGrid

• Provide Integrated Services in the Tbit/s Range
• Lambda-Centric Communication Computing Resource
  Allocation
• Middleware Services for Real-Time Distributed
  Programs
• Extend Internet QoS Provisioning Over a WDM-Based
  Network
• Develop a Common Control-Plane Optical Transport
  Architecture
• Transport Traffic Over Multiple User Planes With
  Variable Switching Modes
• Lambda Switching
• Burst Switching
• Inverse Multiplexing (One Application Uses
  Multiple Lambdas)
• Extend GMPLS
• Routing
• Resource Reservation
• Restoration

UCSD, UCI, USC, UIC, NW
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Research Topics for Building an e-Science
LambdaGrid

• Enhance Security Mechanisms
• End-to-End Integrity Check of Data Streams
• Access Multiple Locations With Trusted
  Authentication Mechanisms
• Use Grid Middleware for Authentication,
  Authorization, Validation, Encryption and
  Forensic Analysis of Multiple Systems and
  Administrative Domains
• Distribute Storage While Optimizing Storewidth
• Distribute Massive Pools of Physical RAM (Network
  Memory)
• Develop Visual TeraMining Techniques to Mine
  Petabytes of Data
• Enable Ultrafast Image Rendering
• Create for Optical Storage Area Networks (OSANs)
• Analysis and Modeling Tools
• OSAN Control and Data Management Protocols
• Buffering Strategies and Memory Hierarchies for
  WDM Optical Networks

UCSD, UCI, USC, UIC, NW
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Mediation of Information Using XMLAllows
Federation of Heterogeneous Databases
Source Gupta, Marciano, Zaslavsky, Baru (SDSC)
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Multi-Sensor Data Fusion Control Rooms Linked by
Lambda Grids

• Integrate
• Situational Awareness
• Common Operational Picture
• Local Data Warehouse with Remote Data Access
• AI Data Mining of Distributed Databases
• Spatial Data Analysis
• Consequences Assessment Tool Set

Source Panoram Technologies
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Lambda Grids will Provide Access to Many
e-Science Community Resources
LHC
ATLAS
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Peer-to-Peer Computing and StorageIs a
Transformational Technology
The emergence of Peer-to-Peer computing
signifies a revolution in connectivity that will
be as profound to the Internet of future as
Mosaic was to the Web of the past. Patrick
Gelsinger, VP and CTO, Intel Corp.
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Adding Brilliance to Mobile Clients with a
Planetary Supercomputer

• Napster Meets SETI_at_Home
• Distributed Computing and Storage
• Assume Ten Million PCs in Five Years
• Average Speed Ten Gigaflop
• Average Free Storage 100 GB
• Planetary Computer Capacity
• 100,000 TetaFLOP Speed
• 1 Million TeraByte Storage
• Serve as Global Compute and Storage Server for
  Mobile Clients

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Wireless Internet Puts the Global Grid in Your
Hand
802.11b Wireless

• Interactive Access to
• State of Computer
• Job Status
• Application Codes

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Using Students to Invent the Futureof Widespread
Use of Wireless PDAs

• Makes Campus Transparent
• See Into Departments, Labs, and Libraries
• Year- Long Living Laboratory Experiment 2001-02
• 500 Wireless-Enabled HP PocketPC PDAs
• Wireless Cards from Symbol, Chips from Intersil
• Incoming Freshmen in Computer Science and
  Engineering
• Software Developed
• ActiveClass Student-Teacher Interactions
• ActiveCampus Geolocation and Resource Discovery
• Extensible Software Infrastructure for Others to
  Build On
• Deploy to New UCSD Undergrad College Fall 2002
• Sixth College Will be Born Wireless
• Theme Culture, Art, and Technology
• Study Adoption and Discover New Services

Cal-(IT)2 Team Bill Griswold, Gabriele Wienhausen
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ActiveCampus ExplorerPDA Interface
Source Bill Griswold, UCSD CSE
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ActiveCampus ExplorerPDA Interface
Source Bill Griswold, UCSD CSE
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New Security Issuesin Mobile and Wireless
Networks

• Location-based Access Control
• If Alice Is in Country P, She Can Do X
• If Alice Is in Country Q, She Can Do Y
• GPS? Need Tamper-Resistant Hardware
• Group-Based or Group-Centric Security
• How Can One Speak As a Group or a Fraction
  Thereof?
• Admitting New or Expelling Existing Members
• Issuing, Re-issuing Credentials
• Secure Commun. in Constantly Changing Groups
• Group Needs Common Key Key Distribution/Agreement
  
• Authentication of Membership
• e.g., Alice Is in This ad Hoc Net Cluster at This
  Time

Source Gene Tsudik, UCI
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Metro Lambda Grid Optical Data Analysis Living
Laboratory

• High Resolution Visualization Facilities
• Data Analysis
• Crisis Management
• Distributed Collaboration
• Optically Linked
• Integrate Access Grid
• Data and Compute
• PC Clusters
• AI Data Mining
• Driven by Data-Intensive Applications
• Civil Infrastructure
• Environmental Systems
• Medical Facilities

UCSD
SDSC
SIO
Cox, Panoram, SAIC, SBC, SGI, IBM, TeraBurst
Networks UCSD Healthcare SD Telecom Council
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Cal-(IT)2 Multi-Megapixel Displays for Seismic,
Geosciences, and Climate Analysis
Cal-(IT)2 / SIO / SDSC / SDSU
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Putting it All TogetherThe Cal-(IT)2 AutoNet
Vision

• Autonet Concept
• Mobile, Ad Hoc, Wireless, Peer-to-Peer Platform
• Distributed Sensing, Computation, and Control
• Autonomous Distributed Traffic Control
• Mobile Autonomous Software Agents
• Multi-Level State Estimation/Prediction
• Decentralized Databases
• Path to Implementation
• UC Irvines Institution of Transportation Studies
  
• UCSD Computer Vision and Robotics Research Lab
• Caltrans ATMS Testbed Cal-(IT)2 Wireless
  SensorNet ZEVNET Living Laboratory
• 50 Toyota Zero Emission Electric Cars
• Add GPS Tracking, Wireless Communications

Source Will Recker, UCI
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Experimenting with the FutureVideo Cams, Fiber,
Wireless, Robots
Mobile Interactivity Avatar
Computer Vision and Robotics Research Lab Mohan
Trivedi, UCSD