Social Development (Chapter 13)

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Social Development (Chapter 13)

• Lecture Outline
• Emotional development
• The self and personality
• Temperament

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Differentiation theory
Excitement
Positive emotions
Negative Emotions
surprise
sad
pain
joy
anger
interest
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Other theories of emotion

• Discrete emotions theory
• Innately disposed to experience emotions
• Behavioral and cognitive approaches
• Emotions are learned through experience and
  represented cognitively
• Labels are applied to physiological states Eat
  two chocolate bars and go to the movies

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Paul Ekman Facial Action Coding
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Which of these neutral faces do you prefer? A,
B, or C?
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Emotions have adaptive evolutionary function

• Joy About to achieve a goal
• Anger Confronted by an obstacle
• Sadness A goal is unattainable
• Disgust Something distasteful is happening
• All of these emotions lead to motivation for some
  kind of action or reaction

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Children must learn to read emotional cues Is
this person modeling genuine warmth or concealed
irritation?
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The Self

• Self concept
• What am I
• Physical, active, social, psychological
  components are related to progression across ages

• Self-esteem
• Evaluative component
• How valued am I?
• People internalize the evaluative judgements made
  by others

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Erik Erikson and Personality Development

• Trust vs. mistrust Birth to 1 year
• Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt (1-3)
• Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6)
• Industry vs. Inferiority (6-12)
• Identity vs. Role confusion (adolescence)
• Intimacy vs. Isolation (early adulthood)
• Generativity vs. Stagnation (middle adult)
• Integrity vs. Despair (old age)

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Temperament

• Disposition, intensity, and duration of emotional
  experience
• Easy Playful, adaptable, regular in sleep and
  eating cycles
• Difficult Fusy, irregular, unadaptable to new
  situations
• Slow-to-warm up Avoid/ shy with novelty
• Temperamental assessment
• Behavioral observations
• Physiological reactivity

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Goodness-of-fit person X environment interaction
Irritable Baby
Parenting Stable Unstable
Baby More Fussy Less Fussy
Parent Poor coping Good coping
Toddler Negative Happy
Fussy Calm