Introduction to Wind Turbines

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Introduction to Wind Turbines
P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering
Department IIT Delhi
The Ancient Cousin to Modern Kaplan TUrbine.
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The Wind Turbine Vs The Kaplan Turbine

• Both are high Specific speed machines.
• Pure axial flow machines.
• Blades with Aerofoil cross-section.
• Regulation through blade rotation.
• The Difference
• No reservoir in wind energy resource.
• No solid casing to the turbine An imaginary
  casing is developed by a running wind turbine.
• An incompressible low density fluid, however, the
  flow is incompressible.

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Evolution of Wind Turbines

• Wind is a clean, safe, renewable form of energy.
• Although the use of wind power in sailing vessels
  appeared in antiquity, the widespread use of wind
  power for grinding grain and pumping water was
  delayed until
• the 7th century in Persia,
• the 12th century in England, and
• the 15th century in Holland.
• 17th century, Leibniz proposed using windmills
  and waterwheels together to pump water from mines
  in the Harz Mountains.
• Dutch settlers brought Dutch mills to America in
  the 18th century.
• This led to the development of a multiblade wind
  turbine that was used to pump water for
  livestock.
• Wind turbines were used in Denmark in 1890 to
  generate electric power.
• Early in the 20th century American farms began to
  use wind turbines to drive electricity generators
  for charging storage batteries.

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Introduction

• A wind turbine is a rotating machine which
  converts the kinetic energy of wind into
  mechanical energy.
• If the mechanical energy is used directly by
  machinery, such as a pump or grinding stones, the
  machine is usually called a windmill.
• If the mechanical energy is instead converted to
  electricity, the machine is called a wind
  generator, wind turbine, wind power unit (WPU),
  wind energy converter (WEC), or aerogenerator.
• Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWT)
• Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWT)

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Scale of Wind Turbines
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Global Wind Patterns
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Schematic of Wind Turbines
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Potential of Wind
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Next Feasible Location Un Available Wind
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Layout of A Wind Farm
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Aerodynamics for Tower Height
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Reality of Capacity Vs Size
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Maximum Recoverable Power
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The Power Extraction Analysis