How the French Revolution led to Terror and Change

1
The Revolution

• How the French Revolution led to Terror and
  Change

2
UEQ and LEQ

• UEQ How did the French Revolution change
  society, politics, and the economy in France?
• LEQ How did the new French Government reform
  (change) France and create terror?

3
Vocabulary

• National Assembly
• Jacobin
• Guillotine
• Maximilien Robespierre
• Reign of Terror
• Legislative Assembly
• Émigré
• Sans-Culotte

4
Warm Up Events Leading to the Revolution

• In order for the French Revolution to begin, key
  events had to happen in order for citizens to
  revolt against the French Government.
• Using your power notes on the beginning of the
  French Revolution, you are going to create a
  graphic organizer that summarizes the four most
  important reasons why the French Revolution
  started.
• Grab you laptop and log on to the Internet,
  follow along with my directions after you log on.
• Once you have the four reasons, use your notes to
  help you find three supporting facts for each
  reason.

5
The State of France

• Upper class French citizens were afraid of the
  lower class.
• Members of the Catholic Church and rich French
  citizens were being attacked by citizens of the
  lower class.
• Groups of angry peasants attacked and destroyed
  the homes of church members and rich citizens.
• National Assembly
• Group that represented the lower class met to
  deal with the problems lower class citizens were
  causing.

6
Problems in France
7
The National Assembly Changes France

• August 4, 1789
• National Assembly meets to change the problems in
  France.
• Agreed to make all citizens equal.
• Rights of Man
• National Assembly agrees to this document.
• Document says, Men are born and remain free and
  equal in rights.
• Also included the rights of equal justice,
  freedoms of speech and religion.

8
The Rights of Man
Which group of French citizens were excluded?
9
The National Assembly Changes France

• Church Control
• National Assembly passed laws to take over the
  land of the Church.
• Church members had to be elected and were paid
  the same as government workers.
• Church land was sold to pay of Frances debt.
• Problem Many French citizens were Catholic and
  became offended and upset at the National
  Assembly
• Louis XVI Escapes
• Louis tried to escape France in 1791, but he and
  his family were caught and imprisoned in Paris

10
Louiss Escape
The Royal family was caught because a French
citizen recognized Louis from pictures of him.
11
Divisions in France

• New Government
• The national assembly argued until 1791 on how
  the government would run the country.
• Eventually decide that king Louis XVI would lose
  most of his power., Louis approves the new
  constitution.
• Legislative Assembly
• Controlled the government with the king
• Main power was to make laws
• King still decide how to carry out laws

12
Division inside French Government

• Problems
• Food shortages and money problems caused problems
  for the government.
• How to handle problems in France split the
  government into three groups.

Group 1 Radicals Strongly against having a king control the government and wanted major government changes. Group 2 Moderates Liked idea of having a king without much power and wanted some government changes. Group 3 Conservatives Strongly agreed with having a king with power and wanted little government change.
13
Radicals
14
Moderates
15
Conservatives
16
Division outside the French Government

• Groups that worked outside of the French
  Government wanted to split the government and
  control the government.
• Émigrés
• Rich citizens that had left France out of fear.
• Hoped by controlling the government, they could
  stop the Revolution and return life to what it
  originally was.
• Sans-Culottes
• French workers and small business owners
• Wanted to control the government so the
  Revolution would continue and bring them more
  money and power.

17
War

• Other Countries
• Rulers of other countries watched the French
  Revolution
• Feared that revolutions would start in their
  countries.
• War
• Other countries declared war on France
• War went badly as armies of other countries
  invaded France
• Citizens take the law into their own hands, they
  murder over 1,000 supporters of the King locked
  up in prisons
• Results of War
• A new government is formed in September 1791 and
  the king no longer has power.

18
The New French Government

• Jacobins
• Group of French citizens that were part of the
  French Government and pushed for major changes.
• Controlled the new government and convicted Louis
  XVI of treason
• Sentenced Louis XVI to death by the guillotine

19
Execution

• You will now be reading about and looking at the
  instrument of terror and execution used
  throughout the revolution by the Jacobins and
  other s to control the people.
• Poster Creation Create a Poster that shows what
  the Guillotine looked like.
• In your drawing include from the reading
• A couple Nicknames of the Guillotine
• Historical Summary of the History behind the
  Guillotine
• The history of the guillotine in your own words
• 2 morbid facts about the guillotine
• Summarize the day in the life of a person that is
  eventually executed by the guillotine.
• Grading
• Guillotine Picture is creative and colored 10
  pts
• Nicknames are present 5 pts
• History of Guillotine is summarized and present
  5 pts
• 2 morbid facts are present 5 pts
• Life of an executed citizen is summarized and
  present 5 pts

20
Guillotine
21
Powerful Jacobin Leader

• Jacobin Problems
• Enemies wanted to get rid of the group
• Jacobins had to stop their enemies before they
  became powerful.
• Maximilien Robespierre
• Jacobin leader that gained great power
• Wanted to erase all the old ideas of Frances
  past
• Forced the government to close all churches
• Read the article on Robespierre and
• answer the questions.

22
Reign of Terror

• The Reign of Terror is a period of time where the
  Jacobins had thousands of their enemies killed.
• The Jacobins were afraid of their enemies so they
  had thousands of their enemies arrested and
  executed.
• Robespierre claimed that by killing French
  citizens that were enemies, he was protecting the
  Revolution and French citizens.
• Members of the Jacobins were also executed for
  not wanting change.
• In the end 40,000 French citizens are executed
• Nearly 30,000 of the executed were poor French
  citizens.

23
End of the Reign of Terror

• 1794
• Out of fear, members of the French Government
  have Robespierre arrested.
• Robespierre is guillotined on July 28, 1794 and
  the Reign of Terror ends.
• French citizens
• Disgusted and tired of the Reign of Terror
• Upset and frustrated with high food prices
  (bread, salt)
• French Government
• Changes for a third time, all power given to the
  middle class
• Five men called the Directory made all
  government decisions
• This new government ended the Revolution

24
Future Leader

• The new French Government decides to pick a new
  military leader for the French Army.
• Napoleon Bonaparte
• Napoleon would become a great military leader,
  Frances new king, and would eventually cause many
  problems for France.