REPUBLIC OF CHAD WELCOME TO CHAD

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REPUBLIC OF CHAD WELCOME
TO CHAD

• By MOLENGAR NGOUNDO
• Masters of Science
• (Dec., 2003)

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CHAD Location North-Central Africa. Landlocked
country, bounded by Cameroon, Nigeria, Niger in
West Central African Republic in South, Sudan in
East Libya in North. Geographic coordinates 15
00 N, 19 00 E Total area 1,284,000 Km2. Flag
Blue- Yellow - Red
AFRICA MAP
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CLIMATE Tropical in South, Desert in North, the
climate is caracterized by three ecological
zones 1. Saharian zone desert in North ( lt
200 mm of rain) 2. Sahelian zone in Center
(200 mm to 700 mm of rain) 3. Soudanian zone in
South (700 mm to 1,000 mm of rain). Two
seasons Rainy season (From June to
early September in sahelian zone and from April
to October in Soudanian zone) Dry season from
October to May in Sahelian Zone and from November
to March in Soudanian zone.
Saharian Zone
Sahelian Zone
Soudanian Zone
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RELIEF AND HYDROGRAPHY RELIEF Desert in North
with mountains and plateaus in North-East, arid,
savanna with Lake Chad in West, massif in Center,
highland in East and lowlands in South. Lowest
point, Djourab 160m Highest point, Emi-koussi
3,415 m HYDROGRAPHY Permanent rivers Logone
(1,000 km long), Chari (1,200 km long). Lakes
Lake Chad (25,000 km2 before 1970, now 10,000
sq.km). Seven other lakes total area of 720
Km2. Underground water. Renewable 20.6 million
m3/year Exploitable 263 to 455 million m3 /year.
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Slow progression through the Sahara
Desert of Chad
Mountains of Tibesti
Ouedds of Zoumri
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Emi Koussi, Tibesti, Chad Location 19.80 N,
18.53 EElevation 11,204 ft. (3,415 m)
Tousside, Tibesti, Chad Location 21.03N,
16.45EElevation 10,712 ft. (3,265 m)
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Tibesti, Neolotic prints on the mountains of
Bardaï
Landscape of Tibesti
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Chari River
Lake-Chad and its hippopotamuses
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(No Transcript)
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AGRICULTURAL AREAS Arable lands Total area 39
million ha, Cultivated About 2.2 million ha /
year. Irrigable lands Total irrigable area 5.5
million ha, Exploited surface 7,000 ha
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SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 1. NATURAL RESOURCES

• Bauxite, Uranium, Oil, Gold, Ore, Natron (sodium
  carbonate), Kaolin, Fish (Lake Chad).
• Petroleum (exploited on 2 sites The first one in
  South financed by World Bank for exportation and
  the second one in North financed by R.O.C. for
  local consumption).

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Pipeline 1,070 Km
ESSO-CHAD DOBA Oil Basin (250,000 bbl day-1)
Chad Cameroon pipeline Consortium
EXXON-CHEVRON-PETRONAS-CHAD
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2. POPULATION AND ADMINISTRATIVE SITUATION
Population 8,707,078 inhabitants (2001
E). Population growth rate 3.31. Birth rate 45
births/1,000 (2000) Infant mortality rate 101
deaths/1,000 (2000) Life expectancy at birth 47
yrs Male, 50.5 yrs Female. Officials languages
French, Arabic. Government Type Republic,
Capital NDjaména Administration Division 8
Regions, and 47 Departments.
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H.E. Mr. IDRISS DEBY PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF
CHAD
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3. ECONOMY

• Major industries Cotton, Meat packing, Natron,
  Soap, Cigarettes, Beer brewing, Sugar,
  Construction materials and recently Gold and
  Petroleum.
• GDP-purchasing power parity7.6 billion.
• GDP-per capita240.
• Annual growth 8
• GDP-composition by sector Agriculture 38
  Industry and breeding 14, Services 48.

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3. ECONOMY (Contd) Exportation Chad exports
cotton, Arabic gum, cotton textiles, livestock,
to some countries such as Nigeria, South Africa,
Costa Rica, France, Portugal, Germany, Thailand,
USA. Importation Although Chad has largely
achieved food self-sufficiency foodstuffs still
constitute most of the countrys imports. Other
import products include machinery, transportation
equipment, and industrial goods. Chad also
imports petroleum products although this is
expected to change in the near future as the
country starts to exploit its own resources.
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4. NATURAL ENVIRONMENT

• Animals abundant and various, they are mammals
  the most representative of African continent (134
  species and 14 threatened species)
• Migratory birds 370 species interesting Ostrich
  and 15 threatened species.
• Natural forests 32.5 million hectares with 1,600
  species of higher plants.

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Some animals in Zakouma Park
Equinoxial Buffalo
Elephant
Hippopotamus
Cheetah
Lion
Rhinoceros
Phacochere
Oryx
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Birds in the river
Ostrich
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Date trees around Oasis
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Pupils go to school throughout the forest
Type of forest in extreme South of Chad
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SYSTEM OF PRODUCTION

• Three types
• 1.Oasian system Date production, camel breeding,
  subsistence irrigated agriculture.
• 2. Pastoral and agro-pastoral system Dune
  cultivation, nomadic breeding, irrigated
  agriculture.
• 3.Diversified soudanian system Cereals
  cultivation, cotton, tubercle, traditional
  cultivation through forestry, fishing, hunting.

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Oxen bororo
Sheep
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Camels
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AGRICULTURAL CHANNELS

• 1.Cereals Channel main feeding of Country
• 2. Fruit, vegetable Channel less developed.
• 3.Root, tubercle channel contribute to food
  security.
• 4. Cotton Channel Contribute to 12 on GDP.
• 5. Breeding Channel 12 million of heads.
• 6. Forest, Fishing, Hunting Channel.

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RURAL WORLD STRUCTURES

• Basic organizations (28,000) Farmers grouping
  (4,000) Villagers Association.
• Legal and Institutional Environment Civil
  service reform, decentralization, privatization
  and promotion of private sectors.
• Sustaining service in rural environment
  Extension, Plants protection, Animal health and,
• Research Six institutions of Research.

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GENERAL STRATEGY OF DEVELOPMENT

• Strategy in general frame of fighting against
  poverty
• 1. Strengthening financial stabilization
• 2. Developing sectors of growth and promoting
  private operators of
  development
• 3. Improving infrastructures to access to other
  regions and correcting regional unbalance
• 4. Reforming State,
• 5. Reinforcing national capacities of management..

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SOME PICTURES
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CATHEDRAL NOTRE DAME OF NDJAMENA
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KING FAYCAL MOSQUEOF NDJAMENA
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NATIONAL GUARDS CIRCLE
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MAO CITY ENTRANCE
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Camel for transportation
Traditional holiday
Traditional instruments for dancing
Tourists observing a flock of elephants
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CONCLUSION

• Landlocked country, Chads economic development
  suffers from its geographic remoteness, drought,
  lack of infrastructures, lack of mastery of
  agricultural production and continuous political
  turmoil.
• Unavailability and inaccessibly factors of
  production materials pose essential problems on
  well- being of population.
• Nevertheless, with the exploitation of petroleum,
  hope for overcome some development handicaps is
  permitted.

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION