Heredity is the passing of traits from parent to offspring.

1
Heredity is the passing of traits from parent to
offspring.
Heredity is responsible for how you have your
mothers eyes and your fathers smile. Along
with this inherited similarity though, there is
also variation, as we are not exact clones of our
mothers and fathers.
2

• Offspring are the new organisms produced by one
  or more parents. (children, babies, young)

3

• The study
• of heredity
• in biology
• is called
• genetics.

4

• The Father of Genetics
• Gregor Mendel was an Austrian
• monk who studied mathematics
• and science but became a
• gardener in a monastery.

 
 
5

• Mendel thought there might be a connection
  between the color of a pea plant flower and the
  type of seed the plant produced.
• He began to experiment with garden peas in 1856.
• Mendel made careful use of experimental design to
  study pea plants and had the first recorded study
  of how traits pass from one generation to the
  next.

6
(No Transcript)
7
Reproduction

• Reproduction - biological process by which new
  "offspring" (individual organisms) are produced
  from their "parents".
• It is the process by which an organism
  produces others of its same kind.

8

• Turn to your partner and discuss the following
  questions
• Do all organisms reproduce?
• Do all organisms reproduce in the same way?

9
Types of Reproduction

• Asexual - one parent
• Sexual - two parents

10

• Sexual reproduction
• a type of reproduction in which two cells,
  usually an egg and a sperm, join to form a new
  organism with its own genetic identity.

Plant
Animal
11
Sexual Reproduction

• Advantage
• Allows genetic variation within a species which
  assists with the species survival
• Disadvantages
• Requires 2 parents
• Reproduction is slower

12
Sexual Reproduction

• All the members of the Animal Kingdom
• Fish
• Mammals
• Amphibians
• Birds
• Reptiles
• Insects
• Crustaceans

13
Sexual Reproduction

• Examples of organisms that reproduce sexually
• Chickens
• Iguanas
• Lobsters
• Sharks
• Humans
• Butterflies
• Sunflowers
• Roses

14
Sexual Reproduction

• Happens 2 ways
• Internally (inside)
• The egg is fertilized by sperm inside the female
• Mammals, birds, reptiles, insects, spiders
• Externally (outside)
• The egg is fertilized by sperm outside the female
• The female lays the eggs and then the male
  fertilizes them.
• Fish and some amphibians
• Plants and fungi (pollen and spores)

15

• Asexual Reproduction
• a type of reproduction in which a new
  organism is produced from one parent and has the
  same DNA or genetic material as the parent.

Spider plant offspring
Yeast cells dividing (budding)
16
Asexual Reproduction

• Requires only one parent
• Offspring have 100 the same chromosomes as the
  parent.
• In other words, the offspring are exact clones
  of the parent.
• Mitosis
• Movie

17
Asexual Reproduction

• Advantages
• Animals that remain in one particular place and
  are unable to look for mates would need to
  reproduce asexually.
• Numerous offspring can be produced without
  "costing" the parent a great amount of energy or
  time. This type of reproduction is also faster.
• Environments that are stable and experience very
  little change are the best places for organisms
  that reproduce asexually.
• Disadvantages
• Lack of genetic variation - all of the organisms
  are genetically identical and therefore share the
  same weaknesses.
• If the stable environment changes, the
  consequences could be deadly to all of the
  individuals.

Animals are not the only organisms that
reproduce asexually. Yeasts,
plants, and bacteria are capable of asexual
reproduction as well.
18

• Turn to your partner and discuss 1 new fact
  that you just learned about asexual reproduction.

19
Asexual ReproductionExamples
20
Asexual Reproduction

• Examples of organisms that reproduce asexually
• Hydra
• Sea Star
• Strawberry
• Eubacteria
• Euglena
• Paramecium
• Yeast

21
Types of Asexual Reproduction

• Fragmentation

Fragmentation is where a single parent breaks
into parts that regenerate into whole new
individuals. Ex. Planaria
22
Types of Asexual Reproduction

• Vegetative Propagation (Plant cuttings)
• http//leavingbio.net/VEGETATIVEPROPAGATION.htm

Vegetative reproduction is a type of asexual
reproduction in plants where new parts grow from
parts of the parent plant. It has long been
used in horticulture and agriculture.
Ex. Spider Plant
23
Types of Asexual Reproduction

• Binary Fission
• Bacteria
• Protists

Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction
where every organelle is copied and the organism
divides in two.
24
Types of Asexual Reproduction

• Budding
• Movie

Budding is where a new individual develops from
an outgrowth of a parent, splits off, and lives
independently.
25
Types of Asexual Reproduction

• Regeneration

Regeneration occurs when a body part has broken
off and the organism grows a new one. Ex. Lizard
Tail The ability to restore lost or damaged
tissues, organs or limbs
26
Asexual ReproductionMatching CardsActivity
27

• A whole new starfish can grow from a single arm
  that was cut off a starfish organism.
• A planarian is a tiny flatworm that lives in
  ponds. If a planarian is cut into pieces, each
  piece will grow into a new planarian.
• Yeast are one-celled organisms that produce
  offspring from a bulge that forms and breaks away
  from the parent.

28

• A paramecium is a one-celled organism that
  reproduces by splitting in half to become two new
  cells.
• An ivy plant will reproduce a whole new plant if
  a piece of stem and leaf is placed into water or
  soil.

Look at the cards in the envelope provided by
your teacher. Match the words with the picture it
belongs with.