Enlightenment and the American Revolution

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Enlightenment and the American Revolution

• World History

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ESSENTIAL QUESTION

• How does the Scientific Revolution challenge the
  THEOCRACIES and ABSOLUTE MONARCHIES of the 1700s?

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Philosophes Apply the Scientific Revolution to
Society to solve problems 1700-1800s
The enlightenment
The enlightenment
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Philosophes Apply the Scientific Revolution in
1700-1800s
Time of illumination
Time of illumination
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Denis Diderot
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Essential Question

• Why would an Encyclopedia be revolutionary during
  the Enlightenment?

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Philosophe, Thomas Hobbes
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Philosophe, john locke
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Philosophe, john locke

• Rulers are NOT absolute in power and must remain
  bound to laws of reason and nature
• Should protect peoples natural rights
• Humans have free will
• Idea of divine right and kings is NONSENSE!!!
• Citizens have the right to overthrow the ruler if
  the ruler does not represent the people
• Sovereignty
• Ideas of modern democracy

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Philosophe, Baron de Montesquieu
Montesquieu
Baron
de
Its NATURAL for rulers with ABSOLUTE POWER to
use power in corrupt manner therefore we must
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Philosophe, Baron de Montesquieu

• spread power evenly over three branches of
  government ensures freedom, liberty, no
  corruption
• SEPARATION OF POWERS (Checks Balances)

• Legislative Made laws (Congress)
• Executive Administered laws (Pres.)
• Judicial Interpreted and applied laws (Supreme
  Federal Courts.)

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Philosophe, jean jacques rousseau believed that
people are
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Philosophe, jean jacques rousseau

• He believed the best government used POPULAR
  SOVEREIGNTY or a vote by all of the people
• General Will OR Common Good
• A Social Contract is necessary.
• MAJORITY RULES

DEMOCRACY
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Philosophe, Voltaire

• Used public opinion to fight injustice
• I do not agree with a word
• you say, but I will fight to the
• death for your right to say it.
• Believed the perfect government needed freedom of
  speech and of religion.

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Assignment applying Enlightenment Thinkers

• Create an Encyclopedia Cover, authored by Diderot
  using each last name as a piece of word art to
  symbolize each philosophes belief of human
  nature government
• Voltaire
• Hobbes
• Locke
• Montesquieu
• Rousseau

• Or Write a Poem titled Ode to Reason
  reflecting the human nature government
  expressions of
• Diderot
• Voltaire
• Hobbes
• Locke
• Montisquieu
• Rousseau

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Enlightenment Ideas Spread 1775-1783

• The right to unalienable rights and the right to
  representation

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Enlightenment Ideas Spread 1775-1783 Background

• Background
• Opportunity in coloniescheap, land, social
  advancements, new identity
• British needed to pay for the French and Indian
  War (Britain v. France over power in North
  America and Caribbean) taxed colonies

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Causes of the American Revolution

• Great upheavals in history occur when
  circumstances are ripe.

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Causes of the American Revolution

• Great upheavals in history occur when
  circumstances are ripe.

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Assignment Causes of the American Revolution

• Mission
• Analyze the political cartoon Causes of the
  American Revolution
• Identify the symbols that outline the causes of
  the war
• Use your textbook (pages 182-184) to create a
  detailed timeline explaining the causes of the
  American Revolution

• Major Topics
• French and Indian War
• 1754-1763
• Trade Laws 1764
• Stamp Act 1765
• Townshend Act 1767
• Boston Massacre 1770
• Boston Tea Party 1773
• Intolerable Act 1774

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Causes of the American Revolution

1. French and Indian War
2. Taxes on Colonies
3. Stamp Act 1767 Stamps on newspapers, public
   documents, legal papers (help pay war debt)
4. Townsend Act 1767 Tax on glass, paints, tea
5. Boston Massacre 1770 Merchants in Boston called
   for a boycott of British goodsBritish sent
   troops to keep ordershots fired, kill 5
   peoplerepealed most taxes except that on TEA

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Causes of the American Revolution
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Causes of the American Revolution

• 3. Colonists React to British
• Public Assembly led to Boston Massacre
• Civil Disobedience Sons of Liberty (Samuel
  Adams Paul Revere) protest by dumping tea into
  harborBoston Tea Party 1773
• Representation 1st Continental Congress 1774
  (Philadelphia), list of grievances
• NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENATION

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Causes of the American Revolution

• 4. British Counters Opposition
• Intolerable Acts -limited rights of colonists
  even more after Boston Tea Party (Boston port
  closed, British troops cant be punished, British
  Governor in charge, no rights!)
• Lexington and Concord 1775British troops leave
  Boston in search for hidden weapons, meet
  militiamen in Lexington and Concord
• 5. Declaration of Independence
• 2nd Continental Congress 1776 July 4, 1776
• Thomas Jefferson wrote using Locke and Rousseau
  and English Bill of Rights

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Causes of the American Revolution Review

• French Indian War Britain Needs ? Blame
  Colonies for Cost SO.
• TAX THE COLONIES
• ?
• Stamp Act Townsend Act
• ?
• Boston Massacre
• ?
• Boston Tea Party
• ?
• Intolerable Act
• ?
• REVOLT (build up weapons ? Britain send more
  troops)
• Great upheavals in history occur when
  circumstances are ripe.
• Lexington and Concord 1775 Shots Heard Around
  the World

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Critical Thinking

• Why were the first shots of the American
  revolution considered the Shots heard around the
  world?
• Write a critical response using your current
  knowledge.
• THINK!!!!

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Declaring Independence

• THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
• 2nd Continental Congress 1776 July 4, 1776
• Thomas Jefferson wrote using Enlightenment
  thought
• Its a brave new world in America!
• Out with monarchy and in with democracy!
• Rights of individuals!
• Government must answer to the people!

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Declaration of Independence

• Drafted by Thomas Jefferson
• People had the right to alter or abolish unjust
  governments.
• Popular sovereignty
• All government power comes from the people
• King had trampled the peoples natural rights.
• Colonists now had the right to rebel

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Application Activity

• As we have alluded to the Enlightenment ideas of
  democracy impacted the American revolution and
  the founding of our nation. It is now your job to
  make the proper connections.
• Work with a partner near you.
• Read the excerpts from the Declaration of
  Independence
• Highlight, Define, Visualize, Clarify, Predict
• Write the ideas in everyday words ? make it
  simple to understand
• Match the proper Enlightenment philosophe(s) with
  the idea(s) expressed in the excerpt

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Articles of Confederation 1781

• Created National Government with little power
  because they didnt want to create a mini-me
  Britain
• Could not tax
• Could not navigate with foreign nations
• It failedSO
• United States Constitution 1789

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The Constitution page 186-187

• Used ideas of Locke, Montesquieu, Rousseau and
  Voltaire
• Created a Representative Democracy (REPUBLIC)
• Government in which power is divided between the
  national (or federal government) and the states
• Separation of powers (3 branches)
• Citizens VOTE
• Bill of Rights added later Amendments 1-10
• Federalist Papers Writing campaign to convince
  American citizens to ratify the new Constitution
• First President George Washington.