Chapter 9 The Urban World

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Chapter 9The Urban World
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Population and Urbanization

• Jobs define urban vs. rural, not populations
• Urbanization is increasing rapidly
• Especially in developing countries

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Substandard Housing

• No city services
• Water, sewage, garbage collection, police and
  fire protection
• 1/3 of urban population in developing countries
  are squatters

4
Environmental Problems in Urban Areas

• Growing urban areas affect land use patterns
• Fragment wildlife
• Encroach wetlands, forests, desert, etc.
• Impermeable surfaces and urban runoff discharged
  into waterways
• Motor oil, lawn fertilizers, heavy metals
• Noise pollution
• Light pollution

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Environmental Problems in Urban Areas

• Brownfields
• Urban areas of abandoned industrial or
  residential sites that may be contaminated from
  past use

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Urban Heat Island

Temperature variations on a summer afternoon
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Air Pollution- Dust Domes
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Transportation and Urban Development

• Transportation availability affects citys
  spatial structure

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Suburban Sprawl

• Suburban Sprawl
• Problems
• Loss of wetlands
• Air water pollution
• Loss of biological
• habitat

Suburbia Where they tear out trees and then
name streets after them
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Suburban Sprawl

• Smart Growth urban planning and transportation
  strategy that mixes land uses
• Commercial
• Manufacturing
• Entertainment
• Housing

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Making Cities More Sustainable

• Characteristics of a sustainable city
• Clear, cohesive urban growth policies
• Efficient use of energy and other resources
• Reduction of pollution and waste
• Large areas of green space
• Designed to be people-centers, not car-centered
• Food grown IN the city (rooftop gardens)
• Compact development

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Green Building Design

• Orientation of the house
• Green energy (solar)
• Reclaimed materials
• Recycled water or water saving
• Low or no VOCs
• Compost bins
• Green roof
• Lunar/solar tubes

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Chapter 23Solid and Hazardous Wastes
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Types of Solid Waste
Municipal Solid Waste

• Municipal solid waste (MSW)

• Non-municipal solid waste
• from industry, agriculture, and mining

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Disposal of Solid Waste

• 3 methods
• Sanitary Landfills
• Incineration
• Recycling
• composting

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Sanitary Landfill

• Problems
• Methane gas
• Tires
• Plastic
• Contamination of surface ground water
• Not a long-term remedy
• Few new facilities being opened
• Closing a full landfill is very expensive

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Incineration

• Pros
• Volume of solid waste reduced by 90
• Produces heat that can make steam to generate
  electricity
• Produce less carbon emissions than fossil fuel
  power plants
• Cons
• Byproduct
• ash

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Waste Prevention

• Three Goals (The 3 Rs)
• (1) REDUCE the amount of waste
• (2) Reuse products
• (3) Recycle materials

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Reduce

• Compost

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Reducing Waste

• Purchase products with less packaging

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Reusing Products

• Refilling glass bottles

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Hazardous Waste

• Any discarded chemical that threatens human
  health or the environment
• Reactive, corrosive, explosive or toxic chemicals

Love Canal Toxic Waste Site
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Case-In-Point Hanford Nuclear Reservation

Superfund National Priorities List
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Management of Hazardous Waste

• (1) Source reduction
• (2) Conversion to less hazardous materials
• Bioremediation -
• Phytoremediation
• (3) Long-term storage