Human Body Systems

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Human Body Systems

• An IRSC Live Virtual Lesson
• By
• Diana Lenartiene, Ed. S.

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• We will now view a video on Cells, tissues,
  organs and organ systems

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lizzywantssomepie.wikispaces.com/file/view/Powerpo
int...

• Cells, Tissues, Organs and Organ Systems
• by Elizabeth Harris.
• lizzywantssomepie.wikispaces.com/file/view/Powerpo
  int...

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What is a Cell?
Cells are the smallest unit of living matter.
All living things are made up of cells including
bacteria, insects, small mammals and humans.
There are a lot of different cells. Cells
contain atoms which is matter, the basic building
blocks of objects. (1, 3)
Organism Bacteria Insect Small mammal Human
Diagram
Notes Bacteria are tiny organisms whose single cells have neither a membrane-bounded nucleus nor other membrane-bounded organelles. These organisms are very successful. Did you know all bacteria found on the surface of our planet weigh more than any other species? That's amazing. An insect can have millions of cells. Insects have basic organ systems that help all insects live and reproduce. An organ system is a group of organs that work together to complete a specific task. A small mammal can contain millions of cells. Dont let size fool you. Cells are microscopic so they can fit in almost any small space! Small mammals also contain a specific array of organ systems including respiratory, circulatory, ect. Which also included in human organ systems as well. There are eleven major organ systems in the human body. Humans contain a skeletal organ system, reproductive, and an excretory organ system. Humans can produce billions of new cells each hour! We put our organ systems to work.
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How Cells, Tissues, and Organ Systems Work.
Certain cells perform certain functions. When two
cells perform similar functions they are both
organized into tissues. For example A tissue
like a skin tissue contain a collection of cells
that are highly specialized and are designed to
do their job by creating new cells and absorbing
the nutrients to keep the skin healthy. If the
cells in our skin didnt fight off infection we
would die due to the infection passing through
our skin into our body. (1, 3, 5)
Part Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems such as Circulatory
Diagram
Notes Cells are all different. Each cell has a job. For example a red blood cells job is to carry oxygen to the rest of the body. Tissues like blood and skin are collections of cells working together to keep life in motion. Organs like the heart, brain, liver, and skin are all collections of tissues. The tissue contains many functions to keep the organs alive. The organs all work together to sustain life and create and organ system. This group of organs transport blood and the nutrients in blood through out the body. This group of organs work together and become an organ system.
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How do cells and organ systems work together to
create an organism?

• An organism is a living thing that can react to
  certain things like light, glucose, carbon
  dioxide, etc. reproduce, grow, and maintain
  homeostasis. An organism can be a bacteria,
  protist, fungi, virus, animal, or plant.
• An organ system is a group of organs that work
  together and complete a particular task such as
  the respiratory systems job is to carry oxygen to
  your lungs and other parts of your body then
  dispose of carbon dioxide.
• A cell is the structural, functional, and
  biological unit of organisms. (1, 5, 6. 7, 8)
• When two or more similar cells join together
  we get a tissue.
• Two or more similar tissue fuse to form a
  organ.
• Different organs function together to make a
  organ system. (8)

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This is a tree map explaining the flow of how
cells and organ systems contribute to making an
organism.
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Plant and animal cells
Plant and animal cells both have some things in
common such as a nucleus. Plant cells contain
unique organelles that use light and turn it into
energy. This is called photosynthesis. Each
tiny cell organelle has a special job to do
within the cell. (1, 4)
Cell Animal Plant
Diagram
Cell part Function
Nucleus Found in both cells, A nucleus controls activity and contains cell genes.
Mitochondria Breaths glucose and oxygen within the cell. Only found in animal cells.
Cell membrane The outer part of the cell which gives the cell shape and controls the cells molecules as there passed in and out of the cell. Found both in animal and plant cells.
Cytoplasm Chemical reactions that are very essential in the certain area. Found in both plant and animal cells.
Cell wall Strengthens the cell in the plant. Is made from cellulose. Found in Plant cells.
Vacuole Contains a liquid that is sugary called cell sap. Found in plant cells.
Chloroplast Carries out photosynthesis, turning light into energy. Only found in plant cells.
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Essential cell organelles
Cell organelles carry out important functions in
plants and animal cells. The nucleus builds new
proteins including enzymes and also controls
activity in the cell so nothing goes hay wire.
The nucleus also contains DNA, the material of
inheritance and is able to produce new daughter
cells during cell division aka mitosis.
Mitochondria breathes glucose and oxygen
releasing energy. (1, 5)
Cell organelles in plants and animals
Organelle Mitochondria Chloroplast Nucleus Cell membrane
Diagram
Function Found in both plant and animal cells, Mitochondria breaths glucose and oxygen to release energy along with Co2 and water. Chloroplast is only found in plant cells. They are able to combine carbon dioxide and water by using the energy from light. By doing this they release oxygen and glucose. A cells nucleus contains necessary information or genes so its able to produce new cells, new enzymes and new proteins. Humans have over 30,000 genes. Controls passage of substances in and out of a cell. Movement of the molecules happen by active uptake, which is high activity in taking up molecules.
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Specific cells in Humans and Animals
Cells are designed for specific functions in the
human body and an animal body, which are very
much alike. Billions and billions of cells work
together in our body to support their assigned
life. A red blood cell for example does not
contain a nucleus so there is more room to
transport more oxygen to the rest of the body. A
muscle cell may contain more mitochondria than
normal cells because it must produce more energy.
(1, 2, 4)
Specific cells in animals
Cell Red blood cell Nerve cell Sperm cell Muscle cells
Diagram
Notes Red blood cells contain no nucleus and have a larger surface area. This allows than to carry more oxygen to larger areas of the body. These cells carry connections through out our body to different nerve cells. The can send out impulses to other nerve cells to send our body different messages in a short amount of time. Sperm cells can swim to their destination, being the female egg, using the tails and streamlined head to reach the female egg and deliver fertilization. Muscle cells are rich in mitochondria allowing them to produce massive amounts of energy by taking in glucose and oxygen and turning it into energy. They contract to make our bodies move.
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Specific cells in Plants.
Like in animal cells, plant cells are also
specifically designed to function along with
their rolls and produce life. Millions of cells
work together to produce food for these green
plants by taking light and turning it into
energy. A pollen cell, for example is like a male
sperm cell compared to an animal sperm cell. The
pollen cell is transferred to the female carpel
by insects therefore creating new genetic
information to create a new plant. (1, 8, 10)
Cell Root hair cell Xylem cells Pollen cell Stomata cell
Diagram
Notes Root hair cells contain a large surface area, just like red blood cells. They have this large surface area to take in more minerals and water to create photosynthesis for a healthy plant. Water is carried up and down the plants stem and through the Xylem vessels. These are long tubes that reach from the roots to the leaf. Water moves in xylem cells. Pollen cells are like the male gametes and are transferred to the female carpel by insects such as bees. Each pollen cell contains genetic information to create a new specific plant. These cells are located on the underside of leaves to exchange water, carbon dioxide, and oxygen when photosynthesis is occurring in the plant.
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The size of cells in plants and animals
Cells in plants and animals come in all different
sizes. We need a microscope to exam the size of
cells. Plant cells are much smaller than animal
cells. Both plant and animal cells split or
divide before becoming to large. If cells didnt
split the surface area would become too large and
release oxygen and nutrients that could have been
absorbed. (1, 10,11)
Cell Typical animal cells Typical plant cells Cell division in plants and animals
Diagram
Notes Animal cells range much larger than plant cells. They can stretch to 10 to 100 meters. Plant cells are much smaller than animal cells. Plant cells stretch from 10 to 30 micrometers. When cell volume increases, the ratio decreases between surface area and volume decreasing. This reduces the cells ability to absorb nutrients and oxygen in the cell membrane. Over a million cells split in our bodies every day doubling our cells.
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References
1. Unit 38 Cells, Tissues, and Organ
Systems http//www.slideshare.net/scienceinteracti
ve/unit-38-cells-tissues-organs-and-organ-systems
2. Medicene.Net http//www.medterms.com/script/ma
in/art.asp?articlekey5260 3. Biology.about.com h
ttp//biology.about.com/od/organsystems/a/aa031706
a.htm 4. Cells Alive! http//www.cellsalive.com/c
ells/3dcell.htm 5. Cells and Organelles
http//biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio104/cells.ht
m 6. Answers.com http//www.answers.com/topic/org
anism 7. Biology-online.org http//www.biology-on
line.org/dictionary/Cell 8. Biology-online.org ht
tp//www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Cell 9.
Wiki.answers.com http//wiki.answers.com/Q/Relate_
cells_to_tissues_to_organs_to_organ_systems_how_do
_they_work_together

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Referenceses

• 10. Microscopy.fsu.edu
• http//www.microscopy.fsu.edu/cells/plantcell.html
  
• 11. Wikipedia.org
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_28biology29
• lizzywantssomepie.wikispaces.com/file/view/Powerpo
  int
• lizzywantssomepie.wikispaces.com/file/view/Powerpo
  int...

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We will now view a video on Human Body Systems
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The human body is like a complex organization
that has an important job to get done. In order
to get everything done perfectly and on time, it
has to use a system. Actually, the human body
uses many systems that work side by side.
The Human Body Systems
by Bobby
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The Body Systems

• The Digestive System
• The Skeletal System
• The Circulatory System
• The Muscular System
• The Nervous System
• The Respiratory System

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The Human BodyInteractive PowerPoint

• Laura Goerner

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Respiratory System
Circulatory System
Digestive System
Muscular System
Skeletal System
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Digestive System
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Respiratory System
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Circulatory System
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Muscular System
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Skeletal System
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Digestive SystemGross and Cool Facts!

• HOW LONG ARE YOUR INTESTINES? At least 25 feet in
  an adult. Be glad you're not a full-grown horse
  -- their coiled-up intestines are 89 feet long!
• Chewing food takes from 5-30 seconds
• Swallowing takes about 10 seconds
• Food sloshing in the stomach can last 3-4 hours
• It takes 3 hours for food to move through the
  intestine
• Food drying up and hanging out in the large
  intestine can last 18 hours to 2 days!
• Americans eat about 700 million pounds of peanut
  butter.
• Americans eat over 2 billion pounds of chocolate
  a year.
• In your lifetime, your digestive system may
  handle about 50 tons!!

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Respiratory SystemGross and Cool Facts!

• Your lungs contain almost 1500 miles of airways
  and over 300 million alveoli.
• Every minute you breathe in 13 pints of air.
• Plants are our partners in breathing. We breathe
  in air, use the oxygen in it, and release carbon
  dioxide. Plants take in carbon dioxide and
  release oxygen. Thank goodness!
• People tend to get more colds in the winter
  because we're indoors more often and in close
  proximity to other people. When people sneeze,
  cough and even breathe -- germs go flying!

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Circulatory SystemGross and Cool Facts!

• The body of an adult contains over 60,000 miles
  of blood vessels!
• An adult's heart pumps nearly 4000 gallons of
  blood each day!
• Your heart beats some 30 million times a year!
• The average three-year-old has two pints of blood
  in their body the average adult at least five
  times more!
• A "heartbeat" is really the sound of the valves
  in the heart closing as they push blood through
  its chambers.

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Muscular SystemGross and Cool Facts!

• You have over 30 facial muscles which create
  looks like surprise, happiness, sadness, and
  frowning.
• Eye muscles are the busiest muscles in the body.
  Scientists estimate they may move more than
  100,000 times a day!
• The largest muscle in the body is the gluteus
  maximus muscle in the buttocks.

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Skeletal SystemGross and Cool Facts!

• The human hand has 27 bones your face has 14!
• The longest bone in your body? Your thigh bone,
  the femur -- it's about 1/4 of your height. The
  smallest is the stirrup bone in the ear which can
  measure 1/10 of an inch.
• Did you know that humans and giraffes have the
  same number of bones in their necks? Giraffe neck
  vertebrae are just much, much longer!
• You have over 230 moveable and semi-moveable
  joints in your body.

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If you still have questions, please contact me
at dlenarti_at_irsc.edu

• Thank you for viewing this presentation.
• Diana Lenartiene, IRSC ABE Instructor