Emotion

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Emotion
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Introducing Emotion

• In three minutes, identify a specific emotion for
  each expression provided. (L to R, T to B)
• Define emotion.
• A complex experience of consciousness, bodily
  sensation, and behavior that reflects the
  personal significance of an event, or a state of
  affairs.
• 3. What comes first, our emotional experience,
  or the physiological change associated with an
  emotion?
• 4. Can we feel an emotion without cognition?

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Emotions Three factors (2)

• Physiological arousal, expressive behavior,
  conscience experience

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Theories on Emotion (4)

• James-Lange Theory
• We feel emotions because of biological changes
• perception gt arousal gt emotion
• I see a bear, my muscles tense, my heart races, I
  feel afraid.

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James-Lange Theory (1884)

• Transform these statements to reflect
  James-Langes theory.
• You lose your fortune, feel sorry and weep
• Insulted by a rival, I feel angry, and strike
• What evidence has led to a slight revival of the
  James-Lange theory? (9)

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Cannon-Bard Theory (1920s)

• Biological change and cognitive recognition of
  emotion occur simultaneously
• Thalamus prompts both biological change and
  cognitive awareness
• perception a thalamus a simultaneous signals to
  cortex and autonomic nervous system
• Thalamus overestimated in this theory (amygdala
  also involved)
• I see a bear. I feel afraid and tense up in
  readiness to run away.

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Two-Factor Theory (Schacter)

• Emotion dependent on interaction between biology
  and cognition.
• Event gt arousal gt reasoning gt emotion
• Thus emotion seen as cognitive act (We
  rationalize our arousal.)

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Autonomic and Somatic Nervous SystemReview (5)
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Autonomic Nervous System and Arousal

• How does the autonomic nervous system control
  arousal? (6)
• Sympathetic a adrenal glands a epinephrine
  (adrenaline) / norepinephrine (noradrenaline) a
  rise in heart rate, blood sugar, blood pressure
• Parasympathetic a return to normal

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Sympathetic
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Physiology and Emotion (11)How do emotions
sometimes precede cognition?

• Fear/Anger/Sexual Arousal- Low
• Happiness, Guilt, Love (Complex)- High

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Stress and Emotion (7)

• Moderate arousal optimal performance

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Arousal, cognition and emotion(s 1 10)

• Emotions are our bodies adaptive response.
• Arousal fuels emotion cognition channels it.
• Explain specifically these quotes.

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The Polygraph (Lie Detector)

• What can be deduced from this chart?

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Lie DetectionLiabilities of the Polygraph

• Answer the following using pages 520-521.
• What method does the polygraph use to detect
  lying?
• What two critical problems exist within the
  polygraph process?
• How do individuals routinely beat the polygraph?
• What is the guilty knowledge test? Why is it
  considered a more accurate method for lie
  detection?

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Putting theories into practice

• You walk into a movie theatre and see your girl/
  boy- friend of two years hanging on an
  attractive person of the opposite sex in the
  lobby of the theatre. After an initial response
  of intense anger, you quickly calm down when she
  introduces the other person as her cousin that
  she has not seen in five years. How would each
  of the following theories of human emotion
  explain your reactions in this situation?
• Canon-Bard Theory
• James-Lange Theory
• Two-factor theory

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Stress and Emotion

• Intimately connected concepts
• Stressors and Stress Reactions
• Excessive Stress contributes to physical disease
  and emotional problems
• IOW
• Our bodies can remain ready for a challenge for
  only so long before our resources are depleted
  leaving us vulnerable to disease and emotional
  distress.

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Control and Stress

• Control over events lessens stress
• Perceived lack of control increases stress and
  its harmful effects.
• Rat studies / electric shock
• Human patients morphine dosage

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Seyles General Adaptation Syndrome

• GAS categorizes how animals and humans react to
  stressful events. (Response pattern to stresses
  is consistent.)
• Alarm Reaction Activation of Sympathetic
  nervous system (Readies itself to challenge)
• Resistance Body remains physiologically ready
  (hormone release maintains readiness.)
• Exhaustion Parasympathetic N.S. returns
  physiological state to normal (vulnerability to
  disease if extended readiness)

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How do we measure stress?

• Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)
• Measures stress using life-changing units (LCUS)
• Read case study Life, Change, And Stress
  (Holmes and Rahe, 1967)
• Answer corresponding questions.

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Psychophysiological Illness

• Any stress-related physical illness. Ex.
  Hypertension, headaches, coronary heart disease
• Psychosomatic illness Psychologically related
  illness
• Hypochondriasis Imaginary / exaggerated
  illnesses (often multiple)
• Catharsis

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Stress and Illness

• Type A and Type B personalities
• Identify three adjectives for each.
• Type A Personality
• Competitive, hard-driving, impatient
• Toxic core negative emotions (especially anger
  and aggressively reactive temperament)
• Secretion of hormones that accelerate plaques on
  the hearts artery walls
• Thus Type A personality more conducive to
  coronary heart disease