Warm Up

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Warm Up

1. Find 2 people to work with
2. Get out homework (vocab terms)
3. Pick up a Popsicle stick off of my desk, neatly
   write your full name on it , and put it in the
   cup on my desk.

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Welcome to AP Psychology

• Let the fun begin ?

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Prologue

• What makes something scientific? Describe how the
  field of psychology evolved from a non science to
  a science. Use as many vocab terms and people as
  possible.

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OLD BIG issues

• 1. Mind vs. Body
• 2. Acquisition of knowledge ( nature or nurture)

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New Issues

• 1. Nature v Nurture
• 2. Stability v. change

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1st 2 Schools of Psychology

• Structuralism v. Functionalism
• In YOUR own words explain the differences between
  functionalism and structuralism

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New Schools of Psychology

• 8 Psychological Perspectives
• Evolutionary
• Behavior genetics
• Behavioral
• Cognitive
• Psychodynamic/ Psychoanalytic
• Biological/neuroscience
• Sociocultural
• Humanistic

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What to Focus on

• What each perspective believes causes abnormal
  behavior
• Possible treatments of each perspective
• Scientists
• What does each perspective focus on
• Read, Discuss and then write

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• What do psychologists study? What is the main
  difference between a psychologist and a
  psychiatrist?

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• What is the difference between basic and applied
  research? How might a psychologist use each type
  of research?

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• Introductory Unit-
• History and Approaches

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Whats Psychology?

• Psychology - The science/study of behavioral and
  mental processes.
• Psychology developed from biology and philosophy.
  Today, psychology aims to describe and explain
  how we think, feel, and act using the scientific
  method.

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Prescientific Psychology 

• Socrates and Plato- viewed the mind as separable
  from body and continuing after death
• Inborn knowledge
• Relied on logic, not observation
• Aristotle-
• relied on careful observations
• mind and body not separable
• knowledge not preexisting

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Prescientific Psychology 

• Augustine-
• Mind and body are connected
• Rene Decartes-(1595-1650)-
• Mind and body influence each other (dualism).
• Born with innate knowledge
• John Locke-
• Mind is a blank slate
• The mind acts on only what comes in through the
  senses
• Empiricism- knowledge originates in experience
  and that science should, therefore, rely on
  observation and experimentation

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Psychological Science is Born

• First 2 schools of thought were Structuralism and
  Functionalism

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Structuralism

• 1st Structuralism- William Wundt-
• Wanted to engage people in introspection
  (looking inward)
• What do you feel, how do you feel?, what images
  are you seeing?
• Wanted to discover the elements of the mind
• Required verbal, smart people
• At times unreliable
• Did not focus on why we feel or see these things

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Functionalism

• 2nd- Functionalism- William James
• Interested in the purpose of behavioral actions
• The function of mental operations in adapting to
  the environment
• Memories, willpower, habits
• Philosophy of Pragmatism
• Basis of Behavioralism

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7 Current approaches ( subfields) of Psychology

• 1. The Behaviorist Approach-
• Emphasizes the effect of the environment on
  shaping behavior
• Does not deny the role of heredity. (but cant
  do anything about it, we can alter the envir.)
• Emphasizes learning(rewards and punishments)
• Give me an example of what they might study

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7 Current approaches of Psychology

• 2. The Biological Approach-
• seeks to understand behaviors by studying
  underlying neurological, biochemical and
  neuromuscular causes.
• Looks at the effect of brain damage, injecting
  hormones.. on behaviors
• Give me an example of what they might study

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7 Current approaches of Psychology

• 3. The Cognitive Approach-
• Focus on how we encode, process, store and
  retrieve information
• Focus on the mental processes that intervene
  between stimulus inputs and response outputs
• Give me an example of what they might study

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7 Current approaches of Psychology

• 4. Psychoanalytic Approach- Freud
• Views our unconscious as our primary determinant
  of behavior
• our actions and thoughts are caused by suppressed
  instincts
• Give me an example of what they might study

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7 Current approaches of Psychology

• 5. Humanistic Approach-
• Human behavior is the result of free will
• Humans have a basic goodness and an innate
  motivation to achieve their full potential
• Give me an example of what they might study

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7 Current approaches of Psychology

• 6. Sociocultural-
• Look at how behaviors and thinking vary across
  situations and cultures
• Look at how different cultures effect behaviors
  and thinking
• Give me an example of what they might study

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7 Current approaches of Psychology

• 7. Evolutionary/ sociobiological-
• Darwins Theory of Natural Selection and explain
  behavior patterns as adaptations naturally
  selected, because they increase reproductive
  success
• Give me an example of what they might study

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Major Issues

• Nature/Nurture
• Biology V. Environment
• Stability Vs. Change
• Rationality Vs. Irrationality

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Psychology Subfields

• Basic research-builds the psychologists
  knowledge base
• Applied research- practical problems
• Clinical psychologist study and treat people.
  Give and analyze tests,conduct research
• Psychiatrists- often provide psychotherapy,
  medical doctor that can prescribe drugs
• Organizational/industrial Psychologist-

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• 8 Psychological Perspectives
• Evolutionary
• Behavior genetics
• Behavioral
• Cognitive
• Psychodynamic/ Psychoanalytic
• Biological/neuroscience
• Sociocultural
• Humanistic

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What to Focus on

• What each perspective believes causes abnormal
  behavior
• Possible treatments from each perspective
• Important psychologists
• What does each perspective focus on
• Read, Discuss and then write
• Nature/nurture????