Lecture 4 The Early Renaissance (1500 AD) Late Renaissance (1600 AD) Baroque (1700 AD)

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Lecture 4The Early Renaissance (1500 AD)Late
Renaissance (1600 AD)Baroque (1700 AD)

• Sejarah Senibina Barat
• BAEA 2115
• Naziaty Mohd Yaacob

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Renaissance 15th Century

• Florence is an Italian city that became famous as
  the birthplace of the Renaissance.
• Such great artists as Leonardo da Vinci, Fra
  Angelico, Giotto, and Michelangelo produced many
  of Florence's magnificent paintings and
  sculptures. Great writers who lived in the city
  included Giovanni Boccaccio, Dante, and Petrarch.
  

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• Leonardo's scientific drawings include his famous
  study of human proportions called Vitruvian man
  that fits into the perfect shapes of the square
  and circle. .
• Like other artists, Leonardo was interested in
  the proportions of the human body. According to
  Vitruvius, the Roman architect, the parts of the
  body are related to one another in ratios of
  whole numbers, and these ratios should be used in
  the design of architecture.
• Because of his inquiring mind, Leonardo has
  become a symbol of the Renaissance spirit of
  learning and intellectual curiosity.

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Renaissance Italy

• Renaissance Italy consisted of about 250 states,
  most of which were ruled by a city. The
  Renaissance began during the 1300's in the
  city-states of northern Italy. Early centers of
  the Renaissance included the cities of Florence,
  Milan, and Venice.
• World Book map

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Florentines

• The architect Filippo Brunelleschi and the
  political analyst Niccolo Machiavelli were born
  in Florence, and the astronomer Galileo did some
  of his work there.

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Brunelleschis dome

• Brunelleschi was the first Renaissance architect
  to revive the ancient Roman style of
  architecture. He incorporated arches, columns,
  and other elements of classical architecture into
  his designs.

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Brunelleschi's design contained two shells for
the dome, an inner shell made of a lightweight
material, and an outer shell of heavier
wind-resistant materials, so that during
construction because workers could sit atop the
inner shell to build the outer shell of the dome.
To support the dome Brunelleschi devised an
ingenius ring and rib support from oak timbers.
The rings hug both shells of the dome, and the
supports run through them.
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• Brunelleschis Designs
• Pazzi Chapel, Florence
• Vaults and domes
• S Lorenzo, Florence
• (for Medici Family)
• Vaults and domes
• Basilican plan
• Added sacristy
• Roman ideas followed

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• Alberti
• The Church of Sant' Andrea in Mantua, Italy, was
  designed by Leon Battista Alberti in the
  mid-1400's. The front resembles a Roman temple
  with an arch.
• (c) Gian Berto Vanni, Art Resource

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Alberti

• Santa Maria Novella in Florence, Italy, is a
  leading example of Italian Renaissance
  architecture. The church's facade was designed by
  Leon Battista Alberti in the mid-1400's. (c)
  Gian Berto Vanni, Art Resource

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• High Renaissance,Late Renaissance
  Mannerism16th Century

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• High Renaissance
• Bramante
• Raphael
• Sangallo
• Michelangelo

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Sangallo
15th Century Palace in Florence with symmetrical
plan, interesting cornice and courtyard (1489)
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Bramante

• 1493
• Bramante added a tribune (domed crossing and
  choir) to Solaris Gothic structure (1463).
• Intended as a Mausoleum for the Sforza dukes.
• Domed concealed by Conical roof.

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Bramante
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St. Peters Rome

• 1506 1626

Bramante Michelangelo Sangallo
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Interior of St Peters Rome from an 18th Century
painting
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St Peters Rome
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The Palazzo Vidoni Caffarelli in Rome (1515) By
Raphael. Heavily rusticated ground storey, below
a piano nobile with windows set between paired
columns. High renaissance characteristics.
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Contrast Raphaels High Renaissance building
with Albertis (Early Renaissance) Plazzo
Rucellai in Florence (1446-51)
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Palazzo Farnese, last of the High Renaissance,
where five years later Palazzo Massimi became
an example of Mannerist architecture.
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Mannerist
Biblioteca Laurenziana, Florence (1524-57)
by Micelangelo. Mannerist traits
using Illogicality, like the coupled columns on
brackets. Also give contrast to the long
perspective of the library itself.
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Medici Chapel in S. Lorenzo, Florence (begun
1521) by Michelangelo as a marriage of sculpture
and architecture
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Plan of the Capitol, Rome, laid out by
Michelangelo (1538-1612). Sense of enclosure
(left) Palazzo del Senatore (1573-1612) largely
designed by Michelangelo. With raised basement
storey giving prominence. Giant order of
pilasters. Statue of Marcus Aurelius, Roman
emperor, on the concourse.
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Mannerist
Top Use of rustification to create monumental
strength with playful details Bottom String
course becomes pediment. Using stucco like stone
effect
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Villa Rotonda (1550) By Palladio Absolute
symmetry Classical proportions Clear on plan
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Palladios Palazzo Chiericati in Vicenza (1550)
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Baroque Architecture17th Century
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Planning the City

• Piazza at St Peters Square by Bernini
• At the Vatican City

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BaroqueArchitecture

• Berninis Scala Regia in the Vatican (1663-6) is
  made to seem longer by reducing the height and
  width as it ascends.

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Berninis S. Andrea al Quirinale, Rome (1658-78)
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Borrominis façade of S. Carlo alle
Quattro Fontane in Rome (1667) Classic elements,
with concave plane set against convex.
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Borrominis S. Carlo alle Quattro Fontane,
Rome (1633)
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S. Ivo della Sapienza, Rome (1642-60). Borromini
using plan based on a six point star with a
fantastic dome developed
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The façade of Sta Maria Della Pace, Rome
(1656-7) by Cortona making the upper level curve
contrast with semi circular porch below creating
tension.
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Dome of the Chapel of the Santissima
Sindone, Turin Cathedral (1667-90) Guarini
combined Gothic and Islamic Architecture and
produce a unique dome built up by
segmented arches on one another. Each pierced
emitting light.
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Palazzo Carignano, Turin (begun 1678). Guarini
gives interest to façade by alternating concave
and convex sections, derive from Bernini. Texture
and ornament almost Arabic in character.
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At S. Agnese, in Rome (begun) 1652),
Borromini created the towers to be independent of
the plan and created a town planning (urban)
interest. Producing each towers as a Sculptural
entity.
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Renaissance outside of Italy

• Versailles Palace in France (by Le Vau from 1669)
• Queens House in Greenwich in England (by Inigo
  Jones from 1616-35)
• St. Pauls Cathedral(by Christopher Wren from
  1675 1710)

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The Queens House in Greenwich, England by Inigo
Jones (1616 35)
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St. Pauls Cathedral by Christopher
Wren (1675-1710)
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Chatsworth House, Derbyshire for the Duke of
Devonshire, By William Talman (from 1686)
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Bleinheim Palace, Oxfordshire by Vanbrugh and
Hawksmoor, English Baroque Architecture fine
example (1705-24)
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• Blenheim Palace
• Great court flanked by stable and kitchen courts
• Main axis
• Curving quadrants

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The EndThank you