From Medieval to Renaissance

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1400-1600
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From Medieval to Renaissance

• Medieval 800-1400
• Instructs in Christian faith. Appeals to the
  emotions, stresses importance of religion.
• Renaissance 1400-1600
• Reconciles Christian faith and reason. Promotes
  rebirth of the classical ideal. Allows new
  freedom of thought.

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The Renaissance
There were many exciting developments that
occurred during the Renaissance. Due to these
developments and the fact that this period marked
the end of the deadly Black Plague that concluded
the Medieval period, it is no wonder the word
Renaissance means re birth.
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Developments

• One of these developments was the discovery that
  the world was not flat but round. This led to a
  surge in world exploration to unknown lands that
  increased the awareness that people existed who
  were of different continents, cultures,
  religions, and races.
• Another development was Galileos heliocentric
  theory that the sun, not the earth, was the
  center of the universe. This discovery was met
  with great hostility by a world who, as a result
  of this theory, suddenly felt small and insecure.
  
• Queen Elizabeth I of England was a big fan of
  the arts and encouraged people to create.
  Consequently, the Renaissance was a time when
  music, drama, and the creation of visual art
  flourished. So influential was Queen Elizabeth
  to the arts that the Renaissance is often
  referred to as the Elizabethan period.
• It was also during the Renaissance that the
  printing press was invented. This was
  especially remarkable because it enabled the
  printed page to be reproduced with ease which led
  to literacy, education, and the opening of
  schools.

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During the Renaissance dancing was a social
activity in which people danced with partners as
part of an organized event.
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vSNOa0dxb2gU
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INFLUENCE OF RELIGION

• The Protestant Reformation was a Christian
  reform in Europe which is generally deemed to
  have begun with Martin Luthers Ninety-Five
  Theses in 1517

• These theses center edon particular disputes
  within the Catholic Church regarding confession
  and absolution (release from consequences).
  Significantly, the Theses offer a view on the
  validity of indulgences and indulgences being
  sold (financial transaction rather than genuine
  contrition)

• Renaissance scholars employed the humanist
  method in study, and searched for realism and
  human emotion in art

• Renaissance humanists believed that the liberal
  arts (art, music, grammar, rhetoric, oratory,
  history, poetry, using classical texts, and the
  studies of all of the above) should be practiced
  by all levels of "richness". They also approved
  of self, human worth and individual dignity.

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Commedia dell Arte
Commedia dell Arte was a type of theater that
was very popular in Italy during the Renaissance.
Small casts would improvise on comedies for
which there was no script.
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Harlequin Brighella
Pulcinella Pierrot
Columbina Pantalone Il Dottore Isabella
Scaramouche
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• Commedia dell'arte incorporates specific roles
  and characters
• Conventional plot lines were written on themes of
  adultery, jealousy, old age, and love
• 3 main stock roles servant, master and
  innamorata,
• the characteristics of the character and the
  characteristics of the mask are the same.
• servants are called the Zanni ---Arlecchino,
  Brighella and Pedrolino
• Some of the better recognized commedia dell'arte
  characters include the following
• Arlecchino--also known as Harlequin
• Pantalone
• Il Dottore
• Brighella
• Il Capitano
• Colombina
• the Innamorati
• Pedrolino
• Pulcinella
• Sandrone
• Scaramuccia (also known as Scaramouche)

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VISUSAL ART
perspective creating an illusion of
depth---linear perspective sfumato - blurring or
softening of sharp outlines by subtle and gradual
blending of one tone into another through the use
of thin glazes to give the illusion of depth or
three-dimensionality. Fresco- painting done on
wet plaster chiaroscuro - painting modeling
effect of using a strong contrast between light
and dark to give the illusion of depth or
three-dimensionality.
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PERSPECTIVE creating an illusion of
depth---linear perspective
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FRESCO
Painting done on wet plaster
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sfumato - blurring or softening of sharp outlines
by subtle and gradual blending of one tone into
another through the use of thin glazes to give
the illusion of depth or three-dimensionality.
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LeonardodaVinci
During the Renaissance, Leonardo da Vinci created
works with less religious emphasis than those of
the Medieval period and more of the world around
him. Still, religion remained an inspiration to
the visual arts. Some of da Vincis most famous
paintings are of the Mona Lisa, The Last Supper,
and John the Baptist.
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Michelangelo
Another famous artist was Michelangelo whose
passion to create sculptures inspired Pieta and
David. His painting, The Creation of Adam,
adorns the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Rome
and took several years to create.
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William Shakespeare
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SHAKESPEARE
William Shakespeare was said to have developed
ideas for his plays from commedia dell Arte.
Considered to be the most famous playwright of
all time, Shakespeare wrote a variety of plays
including comedies, tragedies, and historical
dramas.
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Sonnet 18

Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?
Thou art more lovely and more temperate
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
And summer's lease hath all too short a date
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
And often is his gold complexion dimm'd
And every fair from fair sometime declines,
By chance or nature's changing course untrimm'd
But thy eternal summer shall not fade
Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest
Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade,
When in eternal lines to time thou growest
So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,
So long lives this and this gives life to thee.
14 lines. All sonnets have 14 lines which can be
broken down into four sections called quatrains.
Written in iambic Pentameter. Sonnets are written
in iambic pentameter, a poetic meter with 10
beats per line made up of alternating unstressed
and stressed syllables
A strict rhyme scheme. The rhyme scheme of a
Shakespearean sonnet is ABAB / CDCD / EFEF / GG
(note the four distinct sections in the rhyme
scheme).
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1st Quatrain
Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? A
Thou art more lovely and more temperate B
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, A
And summer's lease hath all too short a date B
This establishes the subject of the sonnet. The
subjects true beauty is being compared to the
beauty of a summers day. Number of lines
4 Rhyme scheme A (-ay) B
(-ate) A (-ay) B (-ate)
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2nd Quatrain
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, C
And often is his gold complexion dimm'd D
And every fair from fair sometime declines, C
By chance or nature's changing course untrimm'd D
This should develop the sonnets theme. --Summer
is not eternal Number of lines 4. Rhyme
Scheme C ( -ines) D (immd) C (-ines) D
(immd)
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3rd Quatrain
But thy eternal summer shall not fade E
Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest F
Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade, E
When in eternal lines to time thou growest F
This should round off the sonnets theme. The
subject of this sonnet can never loose their
beauty . Even death cannot stop the beauty of
the subject and the admiration the speaker has
for them. Number of lines 4. Rhyme Scheme E
(-ade) F (owest) E (-ade) F (-owest)
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4th
So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, G
So long lives this and this gives life to thee. G
This should act as a conclusion to the sonnet.
As long as there is life on this planet, this
will always be true and you will live
forever. Number of lines 2. Rhyme Scheme G
(-ee) G (-ee)
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MUSIC EXAMPLES
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (between
February 3 1525 and February 2 15261 2
February 1594) Italian composer of the
Renaissance.
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With regard to the arts, a composer named
Palestrina carried music to a new level. Instead
of the monophonic melodies of the Medieval period
sung by the Roman Catholic priests, Palestrina
developed music that included two or more melodic
lines performed at the same time. This was
called counterpoint. In counterpoint two or more
voices or instruments play against each other.
If one melodic line moves upward, the other
melodic line (or lines) move downward. If a
pitch in a melodic line is sustained, the pitches
in the other melodic line will move.
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vVhpQgOpFEsY