Balancing Nationalism and Sectionalism

1
Balancing Nationalism and Sectionalism

• Chapter 7

2
Who was Eli Whitney?

• Inventor of the Cotton Gin which increased the
  need for slavery
• Interchangeable parts revolutionized
  manufacturing and mass production in the North.
• Industrial Revolution- transition from handmade
  to machine made goods.

3
What are examples of the Industrial Revolution in
the United States?

• Samuel Slater- textile factory system
• Lowell Factory- young women worked and lived in
  the company town.
• No workers rights and lack of safety.

4
What were the two economic systems in America?

• North- factories, manufacturing, and small farms
  not dependent on slavery.
• South- Cotton is King, cash crops, agricultural
  society, slavery is a way of life.

5
What was Henry Clays American System?

• Develop transportation systems and internal
  improvements (Erie Canal and National Road
• Tariff of 1816- tax on foreign goods
• Creating a Second National Bank

6
What were the important coure cases of the
Marshall Court?

• Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)- gave federal government
  control of interstate trade.
• McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)- States could not
  tax the federal government.
• Fletcher v. Peck and Dartmouth v. Woodward- dealt
  with contract law.
• Federal power strengthened under the Marshall
  court.

7
What was the Adams Onis Treaty (1819)?

• Spain gave Florida to the United States and gave
  up its claims to Oregon.

8
What was the Monroe Doctrine (1823)?

• President Monroe warned all outside powers not to
  interfere with affairs in the Western Hemisphere.
• U.S. would not involve itself in European
  Affairs.
• U.S. foreign policy for many years to come.

9
What was the Missouri Compromise of 1820?

• Debate about westward expansion and balance
  between free and slaves states.
• Henry Clay wrote the Compromise.
• Maine would be a free state and Missouri would be
  a slave state.
• All states North of the 36 30 line would be free
  and south slave.
• Louisiana Purchase split in half free and slave.

10
What do you need to know about James Monroe?

• 5th President of U.S. from Virginia (1817-1825)
• Monroe Doctrine
• Era of Good Feelings
• Missouri Compromise
• Marshall Court

11
What do I need to know about John Quincy Adams?

• 6th President of the U.S. (1825-1829)
• Son of John Adams
• Became President by the corrupt bargain where
  Henry Clay swung the election in the House of
  Representatives.
• Unsuccessful Presidency

12
Why was Andrew Jackson such an important
President?

• First Common Man President (from Tennessee)
  (1829-1837)
• Spoils system- appointed friends and political
  supporters to jobs.
• Trail of Tears- Indian Removal Act forced
  Cherokee Indians on a 800 mile trip from Georgia
  to Oklahoma. 25 of Cherokee die.

13
What happened in the case Worcester V. Georgia
(1832)?

• Supreme Court ruled that Georgia had not right to
  the Cherokee land.
• Jackson disobeyed the Court and still ordered the
  removal of the Cherokee and forcing the Trail of
  Tears.

14
What was debate of tariffs about?

• John C. Calhoun (Jacksons VP) called the Tariff
  of 1828 the Tariff of Abominations. He wanted to
  nullify (or disobey federal law)
• The South did not want high tariffs because of
  their trade relationship with Britain.
• North businesses approved of the tariff.
• Threatened to leave or secede the Union.

15
What was the Hayne and Webster Debate?

• Robert Hayne(South Carolina)- preached states
  rights and opposed tariff.
• Daniel Webster of Massachusetts- supported
  federal government authority over the states.
• 1833- Henry Clay came up with a compromise that
  would lower tariffs gradually.

16
Why was Jackson so opposed to the Bank of United
States?

• Saw the Bank as an elitist institution.
• Personal feelings of dislike towards Henry Clay
  and Nicholas Biddle
• Put federal money in PET banks and destroyed the
  Bank.

17
What do I need to know about Martin Van Buren?

• 8th President (1837-1841)
• Panic of 1837- economic depression caused by the
  destruction of the Bank of the U.S.
• Miserable presidency

18
What do I need to know about William Henry
Harrison?

• 9th President (1841)
• War Hero
• Political campaigning
• Died of pneumonia one month after inauguration.

19
What do I need to know about John Tyler?

• 10th President (1841-1845)
• From Virginia
• Opposed many of the Whig programs
• Lost support of his own political party.

20
What were the beliefs of the Whig Party?

• Backed the American System of Henry Clay
• For the protective tariff
• Wanted to build federal roads and canals
• Wanted a stronger banking system

21
What was the 2nd Great Awakening?

• Led by Charles Finney
• Promoted individualism and responsibility
• Led revivals
• Brought Christianity to African Americans
• Centers of democratic thought
• Creation of new churches example Unitarians

22
What is transcendentalism?

• A philosophy and literary movement that
  emphasizes nature and living a simple life.
• Ralph Waldo Emerson- N.England writer.
• Henry David Thoreau- civil disobedience and
  self-reliance.

23
What were examples of utopian communities?

• Trying to create the perfect place.
• Brook Farm- many famous writers and artists lived
  here. (Nathaniel Hawthorne)
• Shakers- believed men and women were equal, vowed
  not to marry or have children so they relied on
  converts. Only 7 remiain in the U.S. today.

24
Who was Dorothea Dix?

• Led both prison reform and wanted to improve
  treatment for the mentally ill.
• Rehabilitation instead of punishment

25
Who was Horace Mann?

• Father of Public Education
• Wanted all children to go school
• Tax supported schools

26
What was the abolitionist movement?

• Began in the 1820s to call for an end of slavery
• William Lloyd Garrison
• Frederick Douglass
• Sojourner Truth

27
Who was William Lloyd Garrison?

• Abolitionist
• Newspaper called the Liberator
• Wanted immediate emancipation (freedom) for
  slaves.

28
Who was Frederick Douglass?

• Former slave turned abolitionist
• Newspaper called the North Star
• Acted as the voice of emancipation

29
What was life like as a rural slave?

• Men, women, and children worked in the fields
  from dawn to dusk.
• Large plantations
• Sold from family
• Beaten by masters and overseers

30
What was life like as an urban slave?

• Worked in special skill positions like blacksmith
  or carpentry.
• Hired out by masters and some even got keep a
  small wage.
• More freedom than living on a plantation

31
Who was Nat Turner?

• Led a slave rebellion in Southampton, VA
• Attacked 4 plantations and killed 60 whites
  before being captured.
• Scared slave owners and tighten hold on slaves
  (could not read or write)

32
What defenses were used on the proslavery side?

• Used the Bible to defend slavery
• Christianity benefited slaves
• Myth of the happy slave

33
What was the gag rule?

• Debate between pro and anti slavery men became
  intense in Congress.
• 1836- gag rule prevented any discussion of
  slavery.