Cell Organelles

1
Cell Organelles

• Eukaryotic Cells

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Grouping of Cells
Category of Cells Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells
Types of cells in the category Bacterial Cells Plant Cells Animal Cells
Nucleus Present No Yes
Organelles present Ribosomes Nucleus, mitochondria, vacuoles, lysosomes, Golgi body, endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplast (plant cells), vesicles
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Cell Parts

• Cells the basic unit of life
• Organelles - small structures inside a cell with
  specific functions.

Analogy City of Rocklin
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A) Cell Membrane/Plasma Membrane
Cell membrane

1. Function Regulates materials entering and
   exiting the cell.
2. Structure Two layers of phospholipids, proteins

Analogy Rocklin city limits
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B) Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm

• Function All cell contents that lie between the
  cell membrane and the nucleus. (organelles
  cytosol)
• a. Cytosol liquid portion/non-organelles.
• Structure made up of fluid and organelles except
  for nucleus

Analogy All air, water, life that are in
Rocklin, except City Hall
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C) Nucleus
Nucleus

1. Function Control Center. Regulates DNA RNA
   actions.
2. Structure membrane bound, contains DNA

Analogy City Hall
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D) Nuclear Envelope
Nuclear Envelope

1. Function Regulates what enters or exits the
   nucleus.
2. Structure Double Layer of Lipids

Analogy Walls Doors of City Hall
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E) Nucleolus
Nucleolus

1. Function Produces RNA, which are used to make
   all proteins.
2. Structure Inside Nucleus, separate from DNA

Analogy The Mayor
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F) DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA (chromatin)

• Function information on how to make proteins.
• Chromatin unorganized DNA (normal state)
• Chromosomes organized DNA (present before cell
  division
• Structure Made up of nucleotides, locked in the
  nucleus

Analogy The Laws or City Code
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G) Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough ER
Smooth ER

• Function Transportation route for proteins.
• Rough ER has ribosomes
• Smooth ER no ribosomes
• Structure tubes and channels

Analogy Roads Sidewalks
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H) Ribosomes
Ribosomes
Free Ribosomes

1. Function Makes proteins.
2. Structure small circular organelles

Analogy Restaurants, Factories, Builders.
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I) Vacuoles Vesicles
Vesicles

1. Function Storage for water, nutrients or waste.
   
2. Structure small membrane-bound organelle.

Analogy Grocery stores, water tanks.
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J) Lysosomes
Lysosomes

1. Function packets of enzymes that break down
   materials in a cell.
2. Structure Small membrane-bound organelles

Analogy Recycling center
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K) Mitochondria
Mitochondria

1. Function Produce energy for the cell site of
   cellular respiration. The Powerhouse
2. Structure Double membrane-bound, kidney shaped.

Analogy PGE
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L) Golgi Apparatus
Golgi Apparatus

• Function Packages, labels and ships proteins
  out of the cell.
• Structure Pancake-shaped layered organelle

Analogy Post Office
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M) Cytoskeleton
Microfilaments
Microtubules

• Function Provide support and structure for the
  cell.
• Microfilaments
• Microtubules
• Structure Tubules

Analogy Wood, cement, steel beams
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N) Centrioles (Animals Only)
Centrioles

• Function microtubules that help divide the cell
  during cell division.
• Structure Tubules

Analogy Rocklin High School vs. Whitney High
School
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O) Cilia Flagella
Cilia
Flagella
Flagella

• Function provides movement for the cell or
  objects moving by the cell.
• Structure
• Flagella 1 long fiber
• Cilia many short fibers

Analogy Cars or bicycles.
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P) Chloroplasts (Plants only)
Chloroplasts

1. Function site of photosynthesis (converting sun
   and CO2 into sugar).
2. Structure Membrane bound organelles that contain
   chlorophyll

Analogy Solar Panels
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Q) Cell Wall (Plant cells only)
Cell Wall

1. Function Provides support for the cell and the
   plant.
2. Structure Made of cellulose

Analogy ground, rock wall
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Cell Parts Analogy

• Create an analogy (besides the city analogy) for
  the cell and its parts
• Possible ideas
• Stadium
• School
• Country
• Restaurant
• House
• Mall
• Waterpark

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Stadium Example

• Cell membrane wall of stadium, gates
• Cytoplasm everything inside the stadium.
• Nucleus the control room for the stadium.
• Etc