Penguins, Marine Reptiles

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Penguins, Marine Reptiles
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Penguins

• Flightless birds
• Endothermic-stable internal temp.
• tight feathers hold in heat
• Fluffing feathers releases heat
• Characteristics
• Live in Antarctica
• Group of Penguins is called a rookery
• Very poor eyesight
• Largest -Emperor 3 ½ ft.
• Smallest Little Blue -16 in.

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Tobogganing vs. Porpoising

• Tobogganing when they slide on their belly on
  the ice. They push with their wings and feet.
• Porpoising a swimming technique where they come
  out of the water to get air

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Adaptations

• Dense bones so they wont crush under water and
  so they are able to dive
• Layer of fat under skin
• Dense feathers that trap air
• Torpedo shaped body streamlining
• Wings are stiff like paddles
• Countershading (dark top and light belly)

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Reproduction

• lay eggs at the coldest time of year
• Most build nests with rocks
• egg hatches during productive Antarctic summer
• male holds egg on his feet (Emperor) or Female
  sits on the nest
• mother feeds them regurgitated (vomit) food for 5
  ½ months.

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Marine Reptiles

• Ectothermic (Exothermic) cold blooded. For
  this reason most marine reptiles are confined to
  equatorial regions.

• Sea Turtles 9 species
• The largest is the Leatherback. It can get 2
  meters long and 1,200 lbs. They are an open
  water deep diving species. They eat jellyfish.

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Characteristics

• Their top shell is called the carapace.
• The bottom shell is called the plastron.
• They cannot retract their head into the carapace.
  
• Their forelimbs are modified into flippers.

Pig nosed sea turtle
Loggerhead Sea Turtle
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Sea Turtle Reproduction

• They reproduce in the water.
• Females are often confused by lights/beachside
  development.
• A female sea turtle goes into a trance and lays
  60-100 soft shelled eggs in a hole on the same
  beach where she was born. Then she covers the
  eggs with sand.
• Eggs hatch in 2-3 months. Many are picked off by
  predators. Only 1 or 2 live to adulthood.
• gt 29.9 degrees Celsius female
• lt 29.9 degrees Celsius male

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Freedom!!

• Hatchlings attempting to get to the water!
• Crabs, gulls and other predators catch them!

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Sea Snakes

• 55 species
• Laterally flattened/tail is paddle shaped.
• Most get 3-4 feet long.
• Carnivores
• Viviparous
• Rarely aggressive though fatal bites

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Sea Crocodile

• Found in Australia/Indian Ocean
• Avg. 6 meters long
• Known to attack and eat people
• Rounder snout than alligators
• Drink saltwater excrete salt in gland near
  their eyes. (alligator tears)

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Nile Crocodile Story

• A 440 pound (200 kg) Nile Crocodile bit
  veterinarian Chang Po-yu's arm off as he was
  reaching through iron bars to remove tranquilizer
  darts.  Luckily for Mr. Po-yu, doctors were able
  to successfully reattach the arm after seven
  hours of surgery.
• Chang failed to notice that the crocodile was not
  fully anaesthetized when he stuck his arm through
  an iron rail to medicate it.