1.Difference between power and energy

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1.Difference between power and energy

• Primary energy Oil, Coal, Natural and Primary
  electricity
• Secondary energy Oil --- oil products like
  diesel and petrol, Coal --- coal briquette and
  coke
• Primary electricity nuclear, geothermal, wind,
  HEP
• Secondary electricity electricity
  generated by burning fossil fuels

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2. Energy resource base of China 3rd largest in
the world

• Coal reserves 114.5 billion tonnes, 11.6 of
  world total in 2000
• Proven oil reserves 3.3 billion tonnes, 2.3 of
  world total in 2000
• Proven natural gas reserves 48.3 trillion cu.ft,
  0.9 of world total in 2000
• HEP resources, largest in the world developable
  370,000 MW
• Per capita energy availability less than
  1/2 of world average

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3.Chinese energy production and consumption,2003

• Oil 169.6 million tonnes
• Coal 1667 million tonnes
• Natural gas 35.0 billion cu.m
• Primary electricity 283.7 billion kwh
• Total electricity 1,910.6 billion kwh
• Total primary energy 1,603 billion tonnes of coal
  equivalent

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3.Chinese energy production and consumption,2003

• Fuel mix, with respect to consumption, in 2003
• -- Coal 67.1 Oil 22.7 Natural gas
  2.8 Primary electricity 7.4
• Effects of this fuel mix
• Adversely affects efficiency of energy use
• Pollution problems
• Inadequate coal transportation capacity
• --- Coal accounts for 42 of total railroad
  freight, 22of road freight, 25 of water freight
  and 30 of freight handled by coastal ports

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4.Distribution of energy resources in China

• A. Over 85 of coal resources located north of
  Qinling and Huai He
• --- Over 60 in N China
• --- Less than 2 south of Yangtze
• B. Over ½ of oil reserves in North-east
• C. Natural gas resources Proven reserves 1998
• NW 31.3, SE 20.9, North 20.8, NE 10.7
• D. HEP South-west 71

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5.Per capita energy availability (all China100)

• North 416
• Noth-west 146
• East 22
• South-west 167
• North-east 40
• Central South 19

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6.Movements of energy within China

• North-west and South-west
• ---- Energy moved out
• North-east
• ---- Oil moved out and coal moved in
• North
• ---- Both oil and coal moved out
• East and Central South
• ---- Energy has to be moved in

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7. Distribution of Chinese Population Economics
Activities

• Chinese population economics activities along
  coastal provinces like Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei,
  Shangdong, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian
  and Guangdong.
• ---- Large Population
• ---- High level of economic development,
  including industries, agriculture, transportation
  system, trading and tourism etc.
• ---- High standard of living

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7. Distribution of Chinese Population Economics
Activities

• Hence, heavy consumption of energy electricity
  along coastal provinces.
• Example in 2002, the four largest consumers of
  electricity--- Guangdong, Jiangsu, Shandong and
  Zhejiang--- took up 30 of national total.
• Mismatch between demand and supply of energy in
  China in locational terms.

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8. The West-east Electricity Transmission Project

• Electricity generated by HEP resources in the
  north-west and south-west, plus electricity
  generated by coal in the north and south-west to
  be supplied to the eastern provinces.
• The three channels
• ---- The northern channel Coal-fired
  electricity from mine-mouth plants at Shanxi,
  Shaanxi and western Inner Mongolia, plus HEP from
  the upper reaches of the Yellow River to be
  transmitted to northern China, Shandong and the
  Beijing-Tianjin area.

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8. The West-east Electricity Transmission Project

• ---- The central channel Centred on the Three
  Gorges Project, to supply central and eastern
  China.
• ---- The southern channel HEP (plus some
  coal-fired power from mine-mouth plants in
  Guizhou) from Guizhou, Yunnan and Guangxi to be
  supplied to Guangdong

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8. The West-east Electricity Transmission Project

• Functions of the Projects
• 1) To help satisfy power demand in the coastal
  provinces.
• ---- in 2002, Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu,
  Zhejiang and Guangdong consumed more electricity
  than generated.
• ---- Concurrently, Shanxi Inner Mongolia,
  Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and Liaoning produced
  more power than consumed.

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8. The West-east Electricity Transmission Project

• 2) To alleviate the coal transportation
  problem
• ---- 70 of the thermal power in China
  generated by burning coal and electricity
  generation is the largest use of coal, hence
  transmitting electricity from the western
  provinces to the east will reduce the need for
  coal transport.

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8. The West-east Electricity Transmission Project

• 3) In reality, could only play supplementary
  role in satisfying eastern power demand, e.g.,
  estimated that by 2005, the project could satisfy
  22 of Guangdong power demand.

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8. The West-east Electricity Transmission Project

• Other benefits
• 1) Stimulate development of western provinces.
• 2) Improve environmental quality of eastern
  provinces.
• 3) Facilitates the formation of a national
  grid.

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9. The West-east Pipeline Project

• Advantages of natural gas Safe and
  environmentally friendly
• --- China wants to use more natural gas
  10 of energy supply by 2010
• Takes gas from Tarim Basin in Xinjiang to
  Shanghai
• --- 4,167 km 111.8 cm (47 inches) in
  diameter pipe
• --- 12 billion cu.m. of gas to reach
  Yangtze delta area per year
• --- total investment 120 billion rmb
• .

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9. The West-east Pipeline Project

• upstream gas development 20 billion rmb
• mid-stream pipe 40 billion rmb
• downstream pipe 60 billion rmb
• --- partially on stream in Dec 2004

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9. The West-east Pipeline Project

• Major uses, estimated for 2005
• --- electricity generation 51
• --- city use 27
• --- industrial fuel 17
• --- petrochemicals 5

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9. The West-east Pipeline Project

• Advantages
• 1.      Alleviate pressure on coal transport
  (in 1998, 88 of energy consumption in Yangtze
  delta area had to be imported, coal being the
  most important fuel moved in)
• 2.     Reduce reliance on oil
• ---- Now 40 of oil consumption is
  imported, and the proportion is slated to rise in
  future
• 3.    Suppress air pollution
• 4.      Stimulate economic development of the
  West

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9. The West-east Pipeline Project

• E. Overall effect can only play
  supplementary role

21
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22
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Table 3
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Table 4
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Table 5