12/14/11 BR- Can you name one of the rivers of China?

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12/14/11BR- Can you name one of the rivers of
China?

• Today China Presenting Your Reading Notes
• Get ready to show us your reading section!

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What are we doing?

• Today you will show us your reading notes.
• As each section is presented, you should copy it
  down.
• If a group fails to present their section, you
  will need to do that section on your own.
• Hand in your reading notes (the whole chapter)
  with a summary tomorrow!

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Reading Notes River Dynasties in China

• Title

• Notes

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Assignments-

• Class Reading Notes (we do together in class)
• P. 55 questions 1, 3-6, 8-9
• You can just explain why it should be replaced.

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China
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Geography of China

• Natural Barriers
• Gobi and Taklimakan Deserts to north and west
• Yellow Sea, Pacific Ocean, East China Sea to east
• Himalayas Mountains and Plateau of Tibet to
  southeast

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Huang He River
Chiang Jiang (Yangtze)
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River Systems

• Two Major Systems
• Huang He (Yellow)
• In north, flowing from mountains in west to
  Yellow Sea
• Called Yellow because of yellow silt (Loess,
  pronounced loh-us)
• Silt-laden river floods every year
• Good fertilizer
• Dangerous Chinas Sorrow
• Chiang Jiang (Yangtze)
• Further south, flowing from Tibetan Plateau
• Only 10 of Chinas land is suitable for
  Agriculture. 90 of that land is between Huang
  He and Chiang Jiang Rivers.

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Early Chinese

• Fossil remains date to 1.7 million years ago
  (Southwestern China)
• Huang He River Valley settled 500,000 years ago
  (Peking Man)
• Before Mesopotamia, farming settlements along
  Huang He
• 3000 BC Lungshan people started harvesting
  silkworms, using potters wheel, baking bricks in
  ovens
• 2000 BC First cities develop along Huang He

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Notes

• Dynastic Cycle

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• Dates Dynasty Duration
• 2033-1562 B.C. Xia 441
• 1562-1066 B.C. Shang 655
• 1066-771 B.C. Western Zhou 295
• 770-256 B.C. Eastern Zhou 514
• 770-476 B.C. Spring and Autumn Period 294
• 475-221 B.C. Warring States Period 254
• 221-207 B.C. Qin 14
• 206 B.C.-A.D. 8 Western Han 214
• A.D. 9-25 Xin 16
• A.D. 25-220 Eastern Han 195

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• Xia Dynasty, (semi-legendary)
• Yu--first leader Mathemetician, engineer
• Developed Flood Control and Irrigation Systems
• Increased agricultural output allowed cities to
  grow even larger
• Shang Dynasty
• Confirmed by Archeological Evidence
• Came to power with overthrow of last Xia emperor
• Major Cities Erligang, Chang-an, Anyang
• Han Dynasty (longest
• Replaced Qin (which had built the Great Wall)
• Established Centralized Government
• Complex bureaucracy
• 130,000 Civil Servants in 18 ranks
• Yearly Civil Service exams
• Expanded China with military conquests

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Shang and Chou Class Structure

• Kings and nobles
• lived in large homes and palaces,
• Bronze tools and wares,
• wore elaborate gowns of silk
• buried in lavish tombs
• Unlike the ancient Egyptians, the Shang and Chou
  were buried with living people. In their tombs,
  archaeologists have found entire chariots,
  objects of art, and the remains of guards and
  dogs who accompanied kings to their graves.
• Warriors The leaders of different clans were
  continually waging war with each other.
• Warriors were knights
• bronze armor
• horse-drawn chariots
• Farmers Most people were farmers (peasants).
• Farmers lived in nearby villages.
• Summer homes made of bamboo branches near fields.
• Winter homes in village made of mud, one room
  houses, thatched roofs
• Small plots
• did not own the land, it was assigned to them by
  the royals and the nobles.
• They had to give the nobleman part of the food
  they grew.
• They worked without pay on the noble's house,
  roads, and bridges.
• Merchants and Craftsmen

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Kings and nobles

• lived in large homes and palaces,
• Bronze tools and wares,
• wore elaborate gowns of silk
• buried in lavish tombs
• Unlike the ancient Egyptians, the Shang and Chou
  were buried with living people. In their tombs,
  archaeologists have found entire chariots,
  objects of art, and the remains of guards and
  dogs who accompanied kings to their graves.

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Warriors The leaders of different clans were
continually waging war with each other.

• Warriors were knights
• bronze armor
• horse-drawn chariots

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Farmers Most people were farmers (peasants).

• Farmers lived in nearby villages.
• Summer homes made of bamboo branches near fields.
• Winter homes in village made of mud, one room
  houses, thatched roofs
• Small plots
• did not own the land, it was assigned to them by
  the royals and the nobles.
• They had to give the nobleman part of the food
  they grew.
• They worked without pay on the noble's house,
  roads, and bridges.

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Merchants and Craftsmen

• Did not produce food not part of the nobility
  outside the class structure.
• Like slaves, they were hardly considered human.
• In times of war, when the city was attacked, they
  were not taken inside the protective walls, but
  were left to fend for themselves as best they
  could.

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Early Chinese Religion

• Gods of nature the river god, the rain god, the
  earth god, etc. Most powerful was the sky god,
  T'ien, the king of gods.
• Ancestor Worship Spirits of family ancestors
  could bring good or bad fortune. Like
  troublesome or helpful neighbors who demanded
  attention and respect.
• Continued to modern times

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Confucianism

• Confucius (born 551 BC)
• Scholar/Teacher
• Wrote Analects
• Five basic relationships (Ruler-Subject,
  father-son, husband-wife, older-younger brother,
  friend-friend)
• Different rules of behavior depends on which
  relationship
• (Example) Filial Piety devotion to ones parents
  during their lifetime and honoring their memory
  after.
• Not a Religion, but the Ethical System Which
  became the basis of Chinese Government and Social
  Order.

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Early Chinese Cities

• Only about 10 of the population lived in the
  cities.
• Cities were neatly laid out with main streets and
  alleyways.
• Surrounded by a strong wall, made of earth and
  stone.
• Centers of government, education, and trade.
• Erligang
• Surrounded by a large wall -- 7 km around.
• Workshops were located outside of the city walls
• bone workshop
• a pottery workshop
• bronze vessel workshops. Erligang
• Capital city, there were several over the years
• Ch'ang-an, gt1 million people! 
• Checkerboard design.
• 110 blocks, each like its own village, with a
  marketplace and temples.

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Advanced Technology in China

• Coined money (later paper money)
• Blast furnaces for Iron working
• Improved iron farm tools increased productivity
• Better military weapons
• Highway network (4000 miles)
• Standardized weights measures, currency
• Paper (AD 105)
• Collar Harness for draft animals
• 2 bladed iron plow
• Wheelbarrow
• Water mills for grinding grain

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The Great Wall of China

• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Wall_of_China
• Began in 8th century BC

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Qin Dynasty
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Han Dynasty
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Ming Dynasty
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