Abolition and Women

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Abolition and Womens Rights

• Chapter 14 Section 4

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• Main Idea
• The spread of democracy led to calls for freedom
  for slaves and more rights for women.
• Why It Matters Now
• The abolitionists and women reformers of this
  time inspired 20thcentury reformers.

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Abolitionists Call for Ending Slavery

• Abolition, the movement to end slavery, began in
  the late 1700s.
• In 1807, Congress banned the importation of
  slaves into the U.S.
• Abolitionists began to demand a law ending
  slavery in the South.

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• David Walker, a free African American in Boston
  printed a pamphlet urging slaves to revolt. This
  angered slaveholders. Shortly afterward, Walker
  mysteriously died.
• A few whites also fought slavery.

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• William Lloyd Garrison published The Liberator,
  an abolitionist newspaper. Many people hated his
  antislavery views.

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• Sisters Sarah and Angelina Grimke grew up on a
  Southern plantation and believed slavery was
  morally wrong.
• They moved North and joined an antislavery
  society and lectured against slavery in public.

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• John Quincy Adams introduced an amendment to
  abolish slavery and defended a group of Africans
  who had rebelled on the slave ship Amistad. Adams
  successfully argued their case in front of the
  Supreme Court and they returned home to Africa in
  1842.

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Eyewitnesses to Slavery

• Frederick Douglass spoke of his own experiences
  as a slave. He was a brilliant public speaker, he
  published an autobiography about his slave
  experiences, and he later published an
  antislavery newspaper.

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Frederick Douglass
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Eyewitnesses to Slavery

• Sojourner Truth was born into slavery, but fled
  her owners and went to live with Quakers, who set
  her free.
• Truth also spoke of her own experiences as a
  slave and drew huge crowds throughout the North
  when she spoke for abolition.

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Sojourner Truth
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The Underground Railroad

• Some brave people helped slaves escaped to
  freedom along the Underground Railroad.
• The Underground Railroad was an aboveground
  series of escape routes from the South to the
  North.
• Slaves traveled on foot, by wagons, boats, and
  trains.

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• Runaways usually traveled by night and hid by
  day.
• They hid in stables, attics, and cellars
  referred to as stations.
• Frederick Douglass hid up to 11 runaways at a
  time at his home!

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Harriet Tubman

• People who led runaways to freedom were called
  conductors. One of the most famous was Harriet
  Tubman. She was born into slavery and escaped at
  the age of 13 when she learned she was going to
  be sold.

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Harriet Tubman
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• After her escape, she made 19 dangerous journeys
  to free slaves.
• She carried a pistol to scare off slave hunters
  and medicine to quiet crying babies.
• Her enemies offered 40,000 for her capture!!!
• She was never caught!
• Among those she saved her very own parents.

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Women Reformers Face Barriers

• Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were
  also abolitionists.

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• They attended the World Anti-Slavery Convention
  in 1840, but were not allowed to enter because
  they were women.
• During this time, most people agreed with men
  that women should stay out of public life.

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• Women could not vote, sit on juries, or hold
  public office. If a woman was married, the
  husband controlled any property his wife
  inherited and any wages she might earn.
• Mott and Stanton decided it was time to demand
  equality.

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The Seneca Falls Convention

• Stanton and Mott held the Seneca Falls
  Convention in Seneca Falls, New York, on July 19
  and 20, 1848.
• It was a convention for womens rights. Both
  men and women attended including Frederick
  Douglass.

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• The convention listed a demand for rights in
  what they named the Declaration of Sentiments and
  Resolutions.
• All resolutions passed including suffrage, or
  the right to vote.
• The womens rights movement was ridiculed.

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Continued Calls for Womens Rights

• Three women lent powerful voices to the growing
  womens movement.
• 1. Sojourner Truth Spoke at a convention for
  womens rights urging men to grant women rights
  and earned applause.

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• 2. Maria Mitchell Fought for womens equality
  by helping found the Association for the
  Advancement of Women. She was an astronomer who
  was the first woman elected to the American
  Academy of Arts and Sciences.

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• 3. Susan B. Anthony Also worked in the
  temperance and antislavery movements.
• She built the womens movement into a national
  organization and supported laws that would give
  married women rights to their own property and
  wages.

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Susan B. Anthony
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• Womens suffrage would not become reality until
  the 1900s and slavery began to tear the nation
  apart in the mid 1800s.