Artistic and Literatury Culture in Spanish America Dra. Patricia Nigro [e-mail]

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Artistic and Literatury Culture in Spanish
AmericaDra. Patricia Nigropnigro_at_austral.edu.a
r
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Latin America Literature

• The New World possessed their own forms of
  artistic verbal expression from prayers, hymns,
  and myths to theatre. But even the most advanced
  pre-Columbian civilizations lacked alphabetic
  writing, so their literature was exclusively
  oral.
• A substantial number of these oral narratives
  were preserved, thanks to the efforts of friars,
  priests, and chroniclers as well as native
  historians who learned to read and write, and the
  narratives themes, characters, topics, and even
  metaphors have been periodically adopted by Latin
  American literature.

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Latin America Literature

• Popol Vuh (The book of the people)Written en
  quiché (Guatemala y Honduras).
• Miguel Ángel Asturias (1899-1974) Hombres de
  maíz (1949) (Men made from corn). Nobel Prize
  1967.

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Latin America Literature

• Carta de Colón.
• Crónicas de Hernán Cortés.
• Fray Bartolomé de las Casas (1542).
• Garcilaso de la Vega, el Inca
• Comentarios reales (1609).

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Latin America Literature

• A distinctive kind of Baroque art developed in
  colonial Latin America, a style that has come to
  be known as the Barroco de Indias, or Baroque of
  the Indies, arguably the first authentic
  artistic style to emerge in the region.
• Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (1651-1695)

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Latin America Literature

• Romanticism in Latin America was coeval with the
  movements that brought about independence from
  Spain to all Latin American countries
• Esteban Echeverría (1805-1851) El matadero
  (1840) (The Slaughterhouse)
• Domingo Faustino Sarmiento (1811-1888) Facundo o
  civilización y barbarie (1845)
• Jorge Isaacs (1837-1895) María (1867)

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Latin America Literature

• Modernismo the first since the Barroco de Indias
  to have a distinctly New World inflection. Its
  leader was the Nicaraguan Rubén Darío(1867-1916),
  the first great poet in the Spanish language
  since Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz.
• Darío, who had been reading French Symbolist
  poetry, took seriously Rimbauds injunction that
  one must be absolutely modern. In that spirit
  Darío chose Modernism as the name for his
  movement. This meant writing poetry of
  uncompromising aesthetic beauty.
• Profane Hymns (1888) and Songs of life and hope
  (1905)

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Latin America Literature
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Latin America Literature

• The next important artistic movement in Latin
  America was the avant-garde, or the vanguardia,
  as it is known in Spanish. This movement
  reflected several European movements, especially
  Surrealism. It can be safely said that the
  repercussions of Surrealism in Latin America
  lasted throughout the 20th century.
• Borges and his colleagues poets (1920-1930).

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Latin America Literature

• In prose fiction the vanguardia did not arrive as
  quickly. The first step was a renovation of the
  novel but within accepted 19th-century Realist
  forms. The first novels to be considered
  modernthat is, contemporaryin Latin American
  fiction were those written during and about the
  Mexican Revolution (191020).
• Mariano Azuela (1873-1952) Los de abajo (1915)
  (The underdogs)

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Latin America Literature

• In the rest of Latin America there appeared a
  host of novels that came to be grouped under the
  rubric novelas de la tierra, or novela
  criollista. These novels were widely read and
  attained international recognition. The most
  notable were three by authors who acquired
  prominent places in Latin American literary
  history
• Ricardo Güiraldes Don Segundo Sombra (1926)
• Rómulo Gallegos Doña Bárbara (1929)
• José Eustasio Rivera La vorágine (1924) (The
  Vortex)

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Latin America Literature

• Boom novels
• Cien años de soledad (1967 One Hundred Years of
  Solitude), by Gabriel García Márquez, a
  world-class masterpiece that has entered the
  canon of Western literature.
• Rayuela (1963 Hopscotch), by Julio Cortázar.
• La muerte de Artemio Cruz (1962) by Carlos
  Fuentes.
• La ciudad y los perros (1963 The city and the
  dogs), by Mario Vargas Llosa.
• El astillero (1961 The shipyard), by Juan Carlos
  Onetti.
• Coronación (1962 Coronation) by José Donoso.

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Latin America Literature

• Magic realism, chiefly Latin-American narrative
  strategy that is characterized by the
  matter-of-fact inclusion of fantastic or mythical
  elements into seemingly realistic fiction.
• The term magic realism is a relatively recent
  designation, first applied in the 1940s by Cuban
  novelist Alejo Carpentier (1904-1980), who
  recognized this characteristic in much
  Latin-American literature.
• El reino de este mundo (1950 The Kingdom of This
  World) Los pasos perdidos (1953 The Lost
  Steps), his best-known work .

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Latin America Literature

• Some scholars have posited that magic realism is
  a natural outcome of postcolonial writing, which
  must make sense of at least two separate
  realitiesthe reality of the conquerors as well
  as that of the conquered.
• Prominent among the Latin-American magic realists
  are the Colombian Gabriel García Márquez, the
  Brazilian Jorge Amado, the Argentines Jorge Luis
  Borges and Julio Cortázar, and the Chilean Isabel
  Allende.