Ancient Greece

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Ancient Greece TCAP Review Week 3
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Geography Of Ancient Greece
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• Greece, located on the continent of Europe, is a
  country made up of
• Small Scattered islands
• Rugged mountains
• Many peninsulas
• Few valleys and coastal plains for farming
• Isolated communities

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• Greece is bordered by
• Aegean Sea East
• Ionian Sea West
• Mediterranean Sea South
• Macedonia North
• Mt. Olympus 9,577 ft. (highest mountain in
  Greece)
• Since travel inland across rugged mountains was
  so difficult,
• the early Greeks became skilled shipbuilders
  and sailors.
• The sea was for travel, trading, and a source of
  food.

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Religion Of Ancient Greece
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• Polytheism
• The gods and goddesses ruled the Greek world and
  were believed to be directly responsible for
  the success or failure of human life.
• The Greeks worshipped their gods, prayed, gave
  offerings, and built temples to please the
  gods.
• The Greeks believed in the stories we now
  call myths. Myths were created to help
  explain nature and how the world works.

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• Mount Olympus is Greece's highest mountain and
  the home to the Gods of Greek mythology.
• Unlike other religious gods, the Greek gods
  looked and acted human.
• Most Greeks believed that everybody had a
  spirit, which lived on after you died.

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Greek gods
Zeus King of the gods Poseidon god of the
sea Hades god of the underworld Ares god of
war Apollo god of the sun, music, poetry Hermes
the messenger god Hephaestus god of fire
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Greek goddesses
Hera Queen of the gods Demeter goddess of the
harvest Hestia goddess of the hearth and
home Artemis goddess of the hunt Athena
goddess of wisdom Aphrodite goddess of love and
beauty
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Achievements Of Ancient Greece
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• Literature
• Greeks created drama and historical writing.
• The Iliad, an epic poem by Homer, tells of a war
  between Greeks and the Trojans.
• A second epic by Homer was the Odyssey
  describes the challenges that the Greek hero
  Odysseus faced on his way home from the Trojan
  War.
• Drama
• Comedy
• Tragedy

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• The Arts
• Statues - Greek sculpture is admired for its
  realism and details. They were made of stone or
  marble.
• Paintings Admired for their detail, scenes show
  athletics or scenes from myths, and scenes were
  usually done in red and black.

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• The Arts
• Architecture - Greek architecture was based on
  mathematical principles. There were three styles
  of columns.

Doric Ionic Corinthian

• One of the most famous buildings is the Parthenon
  on top of the Acropolis.
• Built by the people of Athens to honor the
  goddess Athena

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• Medicine
• They studied the human body and how it worked,
  tried to cure diseases and keep
• people healthy.
• Hippocrates - a great Greek doctor who studied
  what caused disease and was known for his ideas
  about how doctors should behave. Hippocratic oath
  
• When doctors graduate medical school, they recite
  the Hippocratic oath.

• Math
• Euclid - many geometry rules we study today come
  from his studies.
• With math, the Greeks were able to measure the
  size of Earth.

• Medicine
• Greeks
• studied the human body and how it worked.
• tried to cure diseases and keep people healthy.
• Hippocrates - is known for his ideas about how
  doctors should behave. When doctors graduate
  medical school, they recite the Hippocratic oath.

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Philosophy

• Using reason to understand the world a search
  for knowledge, wisdom, and truth.
• Greek Philosophers

Aristotle
Socrates
Plato
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• Olympics
• Festival to honor Zeus
• First year held 776 B.C.
• Held every 4 years
• Winners received an olive wreath
• Games included
• Foot races
• Wrestling
• Boxing
• Horse races
• Javelin throwing
• Chariot races
• Women not allowed to attend

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Politics Of Ancient Greece
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Aristocrats and tyrants ruled early Athens.

• Athens was the city where democracy was born, but
  it started out as an oligarchy, a government in
  which only a few people hold power.
• A group of rich landowners called aristocrats
  held power.
• Peisistratus overthrew the oligarchy, however,
  and became the ruler of Athens. He was called a
  tyrant, a leader who held power through the use
  of force. Tyrants were usually good, not harsh,
  leaders in ancient Greece.

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Athens created the worlds first democracy.

• A leader named Cleisthenes, a member of one of
  the most powerful families in Athens, overthrew
  the aristocracy and established the worlds first
  democracy.
• For this reason, he is considered the father of
  democracy.

• Under Cleisthenes, all citizens in Athens had the
  right to participate in the assembly, or
  gathering of citizens, that created the citys
  laws.

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• Athens reached its height under Pericles, who
  encouraged people to take pride in their city.
• Pericles was the leader of creating democracy in
  Athens,
• He had many buildings constructed including the
  Parthenon and the Acropolis.

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The End of Democracy in Athens

• Athens was conquered by the Macedonians and fell
  under their influence.
• The king ruled like a dictator. No one could make
  decisions without his approval.

• The assembly still met to make laws, but it had
  to be careful not to upset the king.
• Eventually, a new king took over and ended
  Athenian democracy altogether.

Alexander the Great conquered most of the known
world to the East (Persian Empire) and
established many cities spreading Greek culture.
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Ancient democracy was differentthan modern
democracy
In a representative democracy, also called a
republic, citizens elect officials to represent
them in the government. These officials then make
the laws.

• All citizens in Athens could participate directly
  in the government, which was called a direct
  democracy.
• Each vote counted, and the majority ruled.

• The United States is too large for direct
  democracy to work for the whole country.
• Instead, we have a representative democracy.

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• Delian League Athens formed a league with other
  city states.
• The league was formed to defend its city-states
  against the Persians.
• Persian Wars -The invasion by Persia began a
  series of wars between Persia and Greece.
• Xerxes was king of Persia and fought the Persian
  war against Greek city-states.
• Sparta and Athens formed an alliance to fight off
  Persian invasions.
• Peloponnesian War - 431-404 B.C. - A war
  between Athens and Sparta that threatened
  to tear all of Greece apart.
• Each side won some victories but Sparta won the
  last major battle.

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Alexander the Great

• Brilliant military commander
• Conquered Persian Empire
• Established new city named Alexandria
• Created Hellenistic, or Greek-like period
  blending Egyptian, Persian, and Greek cultures.

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Economics Of Ancient Greece
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Agriculture (Farming)

• Because of geography, farming was often
  difficult.
• Good farmland was located by the coast and in the
  valleys.
• Farms were usually small and only produced enough
  food to feed one family with a little extra to
  sell at the market.
• Major crops wheat, barley, olives, grapes
• Farm animals pigs, poultry, sheep, goats

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• Trading cultures developed in the Minoan and
  Mycenaean civilizations.
• The sea became a source of food as well as a way
  of trading with other communities.
• They also exchanged ideas with other cultures

• Mycenaeans
• They were more violent in their trade.
• They took over Crete and became the major traders
  in the eastern Mediterranean.
• They developed colonies in northern Greece and
  Italy, from which they shipped goods around the
  Mediterranean and the Black Sea.

• Minoans
• They spent much of their time at sea, trading in
  the Mediterranean.
• Ships carried goods such as wood, olive oil, and
  pottery all around the eastern Mediterranean.

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• Although the colonies were independent, they
  often traded with city-states on the mainland.
• Trade made the city-states much richer.
• Soon the Greeks had become the greatest traders
  in the whole Aegean region.

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Social Structure Of Ancient Greece
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• During the Dark Ages, the Greeks started joining
  together in small groups for protection.
• These groups set up independent city-states. The
  Greek word for city-state is polis.
• A city-state was usually built around a strong
  fortress on top of a high hill called an
  acropolis.
• The town around the acropolis was surrounded by
  walls for protection.

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• Life in the city focused on the marketplace, or
  agora.
• The city-state became the foundation for Greek
  civilization and gave the Greeks an
  identity.
• Most well know city-states Athens, Sparta,
  Olympia, and Troy.

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Athens and Sparta
The two most powerful city-states in Greece,
Sparta and Athens, had very different cultures
and became bitter enemies in the 400s B.C.
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Athens

• Direct Democracy
• Male citizens who owned land were able to vote on
  laws.
• The city-state of Athens Valued learning and
  education.
• Rich boys learned about reading, writing, math
  music.
• Girls stayed at home learned household duties
• Culture of debate, education, arts, thinking and
  free speech!!!
• Athens military navy
• Boys served 2 yrs in small army

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Sparta

• The city state of Sparta valued a strong
  military.
• Sparta women trained like men. Ran Sparta when
  men were off fighting
• Boys began military training at the age of 7.
• Unhealthy Spartan babies were left to die.
• Spartan slaves were called helots and were
  treated harshly. If a Spartan slave showed
  leadership ability, he was killed.
• Sparta Military army
• Oligarchy

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Athens/Sparta comparison chart