Period 1 Notes To 600 B.C.E.

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Period 1 NotesTo 600 B.C.E.

• .
• Technological and Environmental Transformations

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Paleolithic Era

• During Paleolithic Era, hunter-gatherer early
  humans migrated from origin point in Africa
  throughout the world
• Important Developments
• Fire
• Stone tools
• Spoken language
• Beliefs in afterlife
• Limited exchange between kinship groups

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Neolithic Era

• Starting around 10,000 8,000 B.C.E. some groups
  of early humans started to use settled
  agriculture
• Where?
• Fertile Crescent, Nile River Valley, Sub-Saharan
  Africa, Indus River Valley, Huang He River
  Valley, Papua New Guinea, Mesoamerica, Andes
  Mountains
• Agriculturalists vs. Pastoralists
• Settled farmers vs. animal herders

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Key Red lines origins of agriculture Shaded
Areas current farmland
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Early Civilizations

• Results of Agriculture
• More cooperation needed
• Larger food supply larger population
• Specialization of labor
• Social hierarchy
• Women take inferior role
• Negative environmental impact
• Technological developments
• Pottery, Plows, Textiles, Metallurgy, Wheels

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Early Civilizations

• Formal states emerged in agricultural centers
• Leaders were often viewed as divine and had great
  military power
• Those states that had greater access to resources
  were most successful (i.e. Hittites having iron)
• Empires started to look to expand and create
  empires (i.e. Mesopotamians, Egyptians)
• Pastoralists served as disseminators of new
  weapons modes of transportation (i.e. compound
  bows, iron weapons)

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Early Civilizations

• Unique cultures developed
• Architecture urban planning
• Ziggurats, pyramids, temples, walled cities,
  streets, sewage water systems
• Art artisanship was promoted
• Sculptures, paintings, wall decorations,
  decorative weaving
• Systems of record keeping
• Cuneiform, hieroglyphics, pictographs, alphabets,
  quipu
• Legal Codes
• Hammurabis Code

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Early Civilizations

• Unique cultures developed
• Religious beliefs
• Vedic religion (basis of Jainism, Hinduism,
  Buddhism)
• Judaism
• Zoroastrianism
• Expansion of trade from local, to regional, to
  transregional
• Egypt Nubia
• Mesopotamia Indus Valley
• Literature developed
• Epic of Gilgamesh (Mesopotamia)
• Rig Veda (India)
• Book of the Dead (Egypt)

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Period 1 Timelineto 600 B.C.E.
c. 10000 B.C.E. Neolithic Revolution
c. 600 C.E. Nok in West Africa smelt iron
c. 4000 B.C.E. discovery of metal tools
c. 1200 C.E. Nomadic Invaders from Central Asia
c. 240,000 B.C.E. Homo Sapiens emerge
c. 800 B.C.E. Phoenician Colonization
c. 3500 B.C.E. Civilization emerges in Fertile
Crescent, Nile Valley, Huang He Valley, Indus
Valley
c. 14000 B.C.E. Paleolithic Age Ends
c. 1000 B.C.E. Start of Judaism
c. 600 C.E. River Valley Civilizations in Decline
c.7000 B.C.E. Catal Huyuk villiage emerges in
Turkey
c. 605 B.C.E. Laozi (founder of Daoism) born
c. 1500 B.C.E. Start of Hinduism
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Phoenicians, Minoans
Huang He China
Fertile Crescent
Indus River Valley Aryan Invasion
Nile River Valley
Olmecs
Nok
Chavin
Austronesian Migration
Human Origin Point