Asking Threatening Questions About Behavior

1

• Asking Threatening Questions About Behavior

2
Introduction

• ????????????????????????????

• ???????

1.????????? happen to
2.???????
3.?????????.
4.????????..
5.?????
6.Kinsey Technique--
?????????????,???????,?????????????
3
Checklist of Major Points (1/3)

• 1.????????????(social undesirable)??????????????
• 2.?????????????????????????????
• 3.????????????????????
• 4.???????(formants)???????????????
  

?????
--??????
4
Checklist of Major Points (2/3)

• 5.???????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????,??????????

6.???????????,?????????? ??,????????????????
7.??????????,????????(usual behavior)?????(current
)
8.?????????????????????,??????????????????
5
Checklist of Major Points (3/3)

• 9.?????????????(randomized response),???? (card
  sorting), and ??.

10.????????????????????????,??????
11.?????????????,??????????????
12.??????,????????????????
13.????????,?????????
6
Examples of Questions on Socially Desirable
Behavior (1/6)

• Library Card Ownership
• Do you have a library card for the Denver Public
  Library in you own name?
• 
  Yes
• 
  No
• Source Parry and Crossley
• 2. Would you say the Chicago Public Library
  facilities in you neighborhood are good, fair, or
  poor?
• 
  Good
• 
  Fair
• 
  Poor
• 
  Dont know
• 3. Does anyone in your family have a library card
  for the Chicago Public Library?
  Yes (Ask Q4.)
• 
  No (End interview)

7
Examples of Questions on Socially Desirable
Behavior (2/6)

• 4. Do you have your own Chicago Public Library
  Card?
• 
  Yes
• 
  No
• Source NORC (National Opinion Research Center)
• Note
• 1. ??????????????,????????????
• 2. ???????????????????, A. ????????
• B.?? C.??????????
• 3.NORC???????????,????????????,??????10- 20???

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Examples of Questions on Socially Desirable
Behavior (3/6)

• Adult Book Reading
• 1.Have you read any book, either hardcover or
  paperback, within the past six months? (If
  youve started but not finished a book, that
  counts too)
  Yes
• 
  No
• 2.Do you read any magazines regularly?
• 
  Yes
• 
  No
• 3.Have you read a book in the past six months?
• 
  Yes
• 
  No
• Sources Q1, NORC Q2-3, NORC

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Examples of Questions on Socially Desirable
Behavior (4/6)

• 4.When, as nearly as you can recall, did you last
  read any kind of book all the way through- either
  a hardcover book or a paperbound book? (If date
  given) What was the title? (The Bible and
  textbooks were omitted)
• Source Q4, Gallup
• Note
• 1.Q1?Q4????,??Q4?Bible?textbook??
• 2.?????????????,????????????????,?????????,???????
  ??????,?????????????

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Examples of Questions on Socially Desirable
Behavior (5/6)

• 3.Q1???????,???????
• 4. Q2-3?????????????,?????????,???????????????,???
  ?
• 5. Q4? When did you last read..?????????,??????
  ????????????????

11
Examples of Questions on Socially Desirable
Behavior (6/6)

• Seat Belt Usage
• 1. Thinking about the last time you got into a
  car, did you use a seat belt?
• Source Gallup
• Note
• 1.????????????(usual behavior),????????,??????????
  ?(???????)?????
• 2.?????????(????)??????????????????
• 3.?????????????????????
• ??The last time you were in a car for a
  vacation trip of 100 miles or more, did you use a
  seat belt? ????????????

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Examples of Questions on Socially Undesirable
Behavior (1/4)

• Gun Ownership (???????)
• 
  
  Percent of
• 
  households with
  a gun
• 1. Do you have a gun in your home?
  50
• 2. Do you happen to have in your home
  
• any guns or revolvers(????)?
  43
• 3. Do you or does anyone in your house own a gun?
  51
• 4. Do you happen to own a gun? (If no) Does
  anyone
• in this household own a gun?
  43
• 5.People own firearms for lots of reasons like
  hunting,
• target shooting, protection, or collection.
  Does
• anyone in your household happen to own a
  firearm
• now?
  38
  

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Examples of Questions on Socially Undesirable
Behavior (2/4)

• ???????????
• 1.???? happen to???????????
• 2.? firearm?? gun?????,??????
• 3.???????????????????? happen to???????????????

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Examples of Questions on Socially Undesirable
Behavior (3/4)

• Traffic Violations
• NORC?Chicago ?????????????????
• 1.?????????????????,????????
• 2.???????(randomized response procedure)
• 3.??????????,?????????,??????????
• 4.???????????,??????????,????????????,?????????,
  NORC???????

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Examples of Questions on Socially Undesirable
Behavior (4/4)

• Use of Marijuana(????)
• 1. Different people use different words for
  marijuana or hashish.
• What do you think we should call them so you
  understand us?
• (If no response, or awkward phase, use
  marijuana in following
• questions. Otherwise use respondents
  word(s).
• is commonly use. People smoke
  in private to relax, with friends at parties,
  with friends to relax, and in other situations.
  Have you, yourself, at any time in your life
  smoked ?
• 2. Think of your three closest friends again.
  (Dont mention their name.) As far as you know,
  how many of them have ever smoked
  .
• Note1.??????
• 2.??????,??????????,?????

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Techniques for Making Reports of Threatening
Topics More Accurate

• 1.Using open questions
• 2.Using long questions
• 3.Using familiar words
• 4.Using informants
• 5.Deliberately loading the question
• 6.Choosing appropriate time frames
• 7.Embedding the question
• 8.Using Noninterview Methods
• 9.Using Diaries and Panels
• 10.Making Reliability checks

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1.Using open questions

• ?????????????,?????????????(coding),??????????????
  ,???open ????????
• Open ??Close?????????????????????????,??? most
  frequent to least frequent
• ?????????????,?????????????

2.Using long questions

• ???????????????(overreporting)?????,??????????????
  ?????????
• ?????????????????????????????25-30
• ???????????????????????????????

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3.Using familiar words

• ??????????????????????????????????
• ???????????????????????????????????
• ????????????????????????????????

4. Using informants

• ????????,?????(???)???????????????????
• ??????????????????

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5.Deliberately loading the question

• ??????,???????????????????????????
• 1.Everbody does it
• 2.Assume the behavior ask about frequencies or
  other details.
• --????????????????,????,?????yes???
• --??????????????,?????????????????
• --???????????????,?????????????,???????,????,???
  ??????

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5.Deliberately loading the question

• 3.Use of authority to justify behavior
• --??????????
• --?????????????????,?????????
• --???????????
• 4.The casual approach
• --???????????? happen to??????????,???????
• --??????????
• 5.Reasons why not
• --?????????????,????????????,????????

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6.Choosing appropriate time frames

• ????????????????????????????,??? Did you ever,
  even once..
• ??????????????

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7.Embedding the Question

• ??????????????????
• ??????????????,???????????????????
• ?????????????,???????????,?????????
• ??????????????????????????,??????????????????
• ??????????????,????,??????
• ??????,??????????????????????,?????????,????

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8. Using Noninterview Methods

• ???????????,???(respndent)?????
• ???????????
• 1.????(self-administered)
• 2.????(mail survey)
• 3.??(sealed envelope)--??????,?????????????????
  ??????,desirable??undesirable
• 4.????(Card sorting)
• 5.?????(randomized response)????desirable
  behavior

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8. Using Noninterview Methods

• Randomized response
• ??
• 1.?50??,?70???30???
• 2. 1000????,?????
• 3.???????,???????????,????????????(?????2??)

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8. Using Noninterview Methods

• 4.??????????????????,?????? ????????????
• 5.??????????????,???????yes?no???
• 6. ?1000????,?200?Yes,800?no,????????????,????????
  ?25????????
• 10000.31/1225
• (200-25)/7000.25

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9.Using Diaries and Panels

• ?????????,??????????????????,???????,?????????????
  ???????

10. Making Reliability Check

• ??????????????????????????????,???????????,?????,?
  ??

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• The End