The American Revolution

About This Presentation

Title:

The American Revolution

Description:

the american revolution – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:171

Avg rating:3.0/5.0

Slides: 95

Provided by: aje94

Category:

more less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: The American Revolution

1
The American Revolution
2
Enlightenment Review

John Locke contract theory of government and
natural rights, wrote Essay on Human
Understanding
Jean Jacques Rousseau government formed by the
consent of the people, separation of church and
state, wrote The Social Contract
Baron de Montesquieu three branches of
government, checks and balances, wrote Spirit of
the Laws
The Enlightenment was trying to pull people away
from the church.

3
The Great Awakening

Renewed dependence on God
Revivals were started to spread pietism
(individuals devoutness and emotional union with
God)

4
The Great Awakening

Was a religious response to the Enlightenment
thinkers
Central idea having an emotional experience
that brings one closer to God

5
Great Awakening Key People

Jonathan Edwards New England preacher and
philosopher who tried to scare people into being
born again
George Whitefield Philadelphia minister who
warned people not to listen to ministers that had
not been born again

6
French and Indian War (1754-1763)

1740s the British and the French both wanted
the Ohio River valley
George Washington led the troops for the British,
had to surrender (22 years old)

7
French and Indian War

Albany Conference the British urged the
colonies to form an alliance with the Iroquois
Iroquois refused but stated that they would stay
neutral
British would have one supreme commander in the
colonies
Albany Plan of Union wanted colonies to union
to form a federal government (written by Benjamin
Franklin) it was rejected

8
French and Indian War

1755 - General Edward Braddock was the new
British commander, Colonel George Washington was
his aide
The British were ambushed by French and Native
forces, Braddock was killed, and Washington
stepped up

This would go one for 2 years in the frontier,
and then it would spread to Europe
Became known as the SEVEN YEARS WAR
Eventually became Spain, France, some natives vs.
Britain
Britain invaded Spains colonies of Cuba the
Philippines

10
Treaty of Paris (1763)

Formally ended the war
Eliminated French power in North America
New France and Louisiana east of the Mississippi
River (except for New Orleans) was turned over to
Britain
To get Cuba and the Philippines back, Spain would
give Britain Florida

11
(No Transcript)
12
Review Reasons for establishing the colonies

Religious freedom (King controlled church)
Escape poverty (unemployment)
Escape oppression (King too powerful)
Mercantilism (theory that government power
depends on its wealth)

13
After the French and Indian War..

The British were in debt from efforts to win the
war and thought the colonies should have to pay
for part of the war
WAS THAT FAIR?

14
Proclamation Act of 1763

Colonists were beginning to try to establish land
further into Native territory
Natives, led by Ottawa chief Pontiac, attacked
colonial land and homes

King George did not want to pay for another war,
especially over something that the colonies
started
He issued the Royal Proclamation of 1763 drew a
line North to South of the Appalachians and said
that colonists could not settle west of the line
without permission from the king
Where they happy about this?

16
(No Transcript)
17
Customs Duties

Customs duties were taxes on imports and exports
The British government thought that the colonists
were not charging enough and were allowing too
many smugglers through
The British government passes a law saying that
smugglers would be sent to Nova Scotia (no jury,
no common law)
Arrested for smuggling John Hancock, who was
represented in court by a young lawyer named John
Adams

18
Sugar Act (1764)

Tax on sugar, molasses, silk, wine, coffee, etc.
The colonies said that it hurt trade
British government could also seize goods without
due process

James Otis claimed that they should not be taxed
if they had no representation in the British
government
No taxation without representation!

20
Stamp Act (1765)

Tax on all printed materials (newspapers,
pamphlets, posters, wills, mortgages, deeds,
licenses, diplomas, dice, playing cards, etc.)
First tax to be direct straight at the colonies

21
Quartering Act (1765)

If you did not house troops in your home, you
would have to pay their rent somewhere else

The Sons of Liberty participated in meetings and
demonstrations against new taxes

Stamp Act Congress organized boycotts of
British goods
Britain repealed the Stamp Act (1 yr. later)
after losing money
In its place, they passed the Declaratory Act
Parliament could make all laws for the colonies.

24
The Townshend Acts (1767)

Introduced by Charles Townshend
Main act Revenue Act of 1767 customs duties
on glass, lead, paper, paint, and tea imported
into the colonies

The Townshend Acts also legalized the writs of
assistance general search warrants that allowed
officers to enter your home in search of
smugglers

John Dickinson wrote Letters from a Pennsylvania
Farmer
Sam Adams and James Otis would start the
circular letter saying that the money was being
used to pay government salaries

Britain ordered the Massachusetts assembly to be
dissolved
Boston, New York, and Philadelphia soon signed
documents saying that they would no longer buy
imports from Britain

Virginias House of Burgesses (led by George
Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and Patrick Henry)
passed the Virginia Resolves saying that Virginia
was the only people who could tax Virginians.
Britain ordered the House of Burgesses to be shut
down
These men would form a convention and also
boycott British goods

29
Boston Massacre (1770)

Colonists were throwing rocks and snowballs at
British troops (led by Captain Thomas Preston)
Shots were fired, but the stories differed on who
shot first and who said fire

5 would die and 6 were wounded
First person killed an African/Native American
named Crispus Attucks
WHO WAS TO BLAME?

The Townshend Acts would be repealed, except for
the tax on tea!

The colonies remained pretty calm for the next
two years after the Boston Massacre and the
repeal of the Townshend Acts.

1772 Gaspee affair British ship that
patrolled the North American border, would search
ships without warrants/colonists seized and
burned the ship
Jefferson set up the committee of correspondence
to communicate with other colonies about what the
British were doing would unify the colonies

1773 Lord North passed the Tea Act to help the
British East India Company sell their tea.
With the help from the tax, the British tea could
be sold at a lower price than the smuggled tea.

In late 1773, the British shipped tea to four
major ports. The committee of correspondence
spread to word to not let the tea reach land
New York Pennsylvania forced ships to return
to Britain
Charleston seized the tea and stored it in a
warehouse

Boston 150 men dressed as Indians and dumped
342 cases of tea in the Boston harbor
Thousands cheered from the dock

In response, Britain passed the Coercive Acts
(1774)
Bostons port would close until they paid for the
tea
All officials in Massachusetts would be appointed
by the King
Trials of British soldiers would be transferred
to Britain
Town meetings banned
Colonist had to provide housing to the 2,000
troops coming in to keep order (Led by General
Thomas Gage)

Quebec Act king appointed leadership in Quebec
and gave them more land (modern day Ohio,
Illinois, Michigan, Indiana, and Wisconsin)
Together, these will called the INTOLERABLE ACTS

39
The First Continental Congress

Patrick Henry called for war
55 delegates (all colonies except Georgia),
mostly split between war and compromise

Passed the Declaration of Rights and Grievances
declared loyalty to the king but boycotted
British goods because of the Coercive Acts
Adjourned and would meet again in one year if
there was still a problem with the British
Main Patrick Henry, George Washington, John
Adams, Samuel Adams, John Jay, John Dickinson

Redcoats British soldiers
Minutemen Concord men who would stand at a
minutes warning in case of alarm

Loyalists Americans who backed the British
(also known as Tories)
Patriots (or Whigs) rebelled against the British

April 1775 the British ordered General Thomas
Gage to arrest the Massachusetts Provincial
Congress, but he didnt know where to find it.
So he decided to seize the supply warehouse at
Concord.

700 British troops headed to Concord along a road
that passed a town called Lexington.

Paul Revere and William Dawes spread the word to
Lexington The British are coming!
After warning, the two men with Dr. Samuel
Prescott, went to warn Concord. Revere and Dawes
were stopped by the British, but Prescott got
through.

When they reached Lexington, the British were met
by 70 minutemen. The minutemen were ordered to
disperse and were actually leaving when a single
shot was fired. The British fired back killing 8
and wounding 10 minutemen.
BRITISH VICTORY

Then the British headed to Concord, they ran into
400 colonial soldiers and retreated. They began
heading back to Boston but the colonial militia
began firing from behind trees and houses. The
militia would surround the British and trap them
in Boston.
AMERICAN VICTORY

Colonial Death Toll

British Death Toll

Dead 94
Wounded - 213

Dead 273
Wounded 174

49
Shot Heard Round the World
50
2nd Continental Congress

Decided to adopt the militia that had the
British surrounded and name it the Continental
Army
General and Commander in Chief George Washington

Before Washington could get to his new army, the
British sent 2,200 troops up to Breeds Hill
Colonial commander named William Prescott said
Dont fire until you see the whites of their
eyes!

The colonial army was waiting and when the
British got within 50 yards, they opened fire
they held off two waves of the British but had to
retreat after running out of ammo
This was called the BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL
1,000 British deaths

American army new confidence
British army new leaders.. Thomas Gage
resigned and William Howe took over

54
Olive Branch Petition

July 1775 John Dickinson wrote The Olive Branch
Petition declaring loyalty to the King and asked
for him to call off soldiers things could be
worked out peacefully

At the same time, a group of Patriots raided
Quebec to try to get the French to help them not
successful

The King refused and said that their would be no
compromise.
The Patriots began negotiating with the Natives
for help.

The Patriots seized control of Boston when the
British were evacuated
The King shut down all trade with the colonies
and ordered a naval blockade
The British hired 30,000 German soldiers

1776 Thomas Paine published Common Sense

But where says some is the King of America? I'll
tell you Friend, he reigns above, and doth not
make havoc of mankind like the Royal Brute of
Britain...let it be brought forth placed on the
divine law, the word of God let a crown be
placed thereon, by which the world may know, that
so far as we approve of monarchy, that in America
THE LAW IS KING.
Thomas Paine, Common Sense, 1776

Everything that is right or reasonable pleads for
separation. The blood of the slain, the weeping
voice of nature cries, 'tis time to part.
Thomas Paine, Common Sense, 1776

The Sun never shined on a cause of greater worth.
Thomas Paine, Common Sense, 1776

July 4, 1776 the Declaration of Independence
was issued
Complete independence from British
To be called the United States of America
Officially started the American Revolution

We hold these truths to be self-evident that all
men are created equal that they are endowed by
their Creator with certain inalienable rights
that among these are life, liberty, and the
pursuit of happiness.

We must all hang together, or most assuredly we
shall all hang separately. Benjamin Franklin

65
Strengths and Weaknesses
Colonial Advantages British Advantages
Fighting on home ground guerilla warfare Well-trained, well supplied army and navy
Good decisions by generals Wealth of resources
Fighting for rights and freedoms Strong central government
French alliance loans, navy, troops
Colonial Disadvantages British Disadvantages
Untrained soldiers small army Fighting in unfamiliar, hostile territory
Food and ammo shortages Fighting far away from Britain and resources
Weak divided central government Troops indifferent not much support at home
66
Battles 23 total battles in the American
Revolution

Lexington/Concord
Bunker Hill
Both prior to Declaration of Independence

67
Battle of Long Island - 1776

Washington fled because of being outnumbered,
took army to New York
When followed, Washington fled New York
New York became the British headquarters for the
rest of the war
Both considered British victories

Washington sent Captain Nathan Hale to spy on the
British
Hale was disguised as a Dutch schoolteacher
Captured and hanged
Last words I only regret that I have but one
life to lose for my country.

69
Battle of White Plains Oct. 1776

Washington forced to retreat AGAIN
British headed to Philadelphia where the
Continental Congress was meeting
It became a race between the British and Patriots

As winter approached, fighting stopped
Harsh conditions and scarce food
Armies usually agreed not to fight in the winter

71
Thomas Paine writes An American crisis

the harder the conflict, the more glorious the
triumph
These are the times that try mens souls.

72
Battle of Trenton

Washington was about to do something drastic
On Dec. 25, 1776, Washington led 2,400 men across
the icy Delaware River
Captured/killed 1,000 Hessians (British aide)
Continental victory

73
Battle of Princeton Jan. 3, 1777

Washington leads his army to Princeton, holding
off and defeating three groups of the British
army
Continental victory
Raised the morale of the Americans

74
Battle of Brandywine Creek Sept. 1777

British General Howe wanted to capture
Philadelphia and the Continental Congress
Defeated Washington and captured Philadelphia
Continental Congress escaped

75
Valley Forge

Washingtons army settled in Valley Forge for the
winter
Bad conditions, little food 2,500 left dead
Washington gets training for his men from two
Europeans
Marquis de Lafayette French
Baron Friedrich von Steuben - Prussia

76
Battle of Saratoga

British General Burgoyne took 8,000 troops into
New York
British were being helped by the Iroquois Indians
Burgoyne ended up surrendering to American
General Horatio Gates

77
Because of Saratoga

1778 - French recognized America as an
independent nation and allied with them for war
Spain allied with the French, making them
unofficial allies with America

The Americans and the French began seizing
British ships and taking their cargo

Dec. 1778 British seized Savannah, GA
May 1780 British seized Charles Towne, SC
New British Commander General Charles Cornwalis

80
Battle of Kings Mountain

The British, led by Banastre Tarleton (Tavington
in The Patriot) and Patrick Ferguson, tried to
take over the Appalachian Mountains
Defeated by the wild mountainmen
Southerners started creating their own militias
against the British

American General Nathanial Greene organized
hit-and-run raids on the British
Many led by Francis Marion, known as the Swamp
Fox (Benjamin Martin or the ghost in The
Patriot)

82
The Battle of Yorktown

The British, led by Cornwalis, wanted to invade
Virginia because that was where the French were
sending in supplies

Benedict Arnold American general who sold info
to the British. When discovered, he fled to
Great Britain and joined their military

Cornwalis and Arnold were demolishing Virginia
until they came across American General Anthony
Wayne
The British retreated to Yorktown, Virginia

Washington ordered all military to surround
Yorktown
Washingtons aide Alexander Hamilton

October 19, 1781 Cornwalis and the British
surrendered

87
Treaty of Paris

September 3, 1783
1. The United States of America was an
independent nation (border Mississippi River)
2. Florida went back to Spain
3. African colonies and the Caribbean went to
Spain

From the list below select 7of the events,
people, or occurrences from American History and
in the three-step procedure of
1) providing an approximate DATE
2) and appropriate ILLUSTRATION
3) an insightful ANNOTATION create a visual
timeline of America from 1776-1783. Dates do not
have to be exact, illustrations do not have to be
perfect, and annotations do not have to be
overly-lengthy. However, you must demonstrate a
meaningful understanding of the content material,
and its context and chronology.
Battles/Events
Princeton Brandywine Creek Bunker Hill
Saratoga Lexington/Concord Valley Forge
Kings Mountain Trenton White Plains
Yorktown New York City Long
Island