WORLD WAR II

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WORLD WAR II

• BATTLE OF BRITAIN
• INVASION OF RUSSIA
• PEARL HARBOR

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Battle of Britain

• Where Napoleon failed, I shall succeed. I shall
  land on the shores of Britain. - Hitler
• Lasted from August 1940 May 1941
• The British were now being led by Winston
  Churchill
• Hitlers plan was to destroy the British Royal
  Air Force (RAF) to make it possible to invade
  Britain
• Needs to destroy the RAF before ships can safely
  land troops on British soil
• In WWII, planes sink ships
• Would be mostly an air battle

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• Operation Sea Lion
• Soften up Britain for invasion
• The Luftwaffe attacks British ports and shipping
• 70 of RAF destroyed
• Operation Eagle
• The Luftwaffe attacks RAF airfields and factories
• British inflict heavy losses on the Germans
• Have something the Germans dont radar
• Bomb London in September
• British repay by bombing Berlin
• Lend-Lease Act
• Britain can no longer pay for the military
  equipment it needs due to the war

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• The U.S. leases Britain the military aid it
  needs and under the program, the weapons would be
  returned at the end of the war
• London Blitz
• More than 70 attacks against the city, ends in
  May 1941
• At one point London is bombed for 57 consecutive
  nights
• The goal is to terrorize the British people and
  cause them to lose their will to fight
• 1300 Londoners killed in one week
• Thousands of civilians are killed and large parts
  of London and other cities are destroyed

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• Hitler calls off the operation, even though
  Britain was weakening
• Too many losses Luftwaffe lost 1400 planes to
  RAFs 800
• The RAF shot down German planes faster than
  German factories could build them
• Britain survives Never in the field of human
  conflict was so much owed by so many to so few.
  - Churchill

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Warm Up (WWII 12)

1. What treaty does Hitler ignore?
2. What is living space for the Germans?
3. Which 2 countries are friendemies?
4. German air force
5. Three waves of blitzkrieg
6. How do the French lose in WWII?
7. What invention saves England?

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Invasion of the Soviet Union

• In preparing for his next attack, Hitler decided
  to gain new allies
• He succeeded in getting Hungary, Romania, and
  Bulgaria
• When Yugoslavia resisted, Germany invaded and
  captured it eight days later
• Operation Barbarossa German invasion of the
  Soviet Union June 22nd, 1941
• Hitler hates communism and views the Russian
  people as just a step above Jews
• Has no respect for the Russian army

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• Orders the execution of Russians wearing the
  Communist insignia
• Attacks with 3 million soldiers and at first the
  German blitzkrieg is highly effective
• German troops and tanks race across the Soviet
  countryside
• The Soviet army has lots of soldiers, but they
  are poorly trained and equipped
• Within six weeks one German army group is 220
  miles from Moscow
• Expect to win before winter arrives
• By winter the Germans are deep into Soviet
  territory, but have not captured Moscow or
  Leningrad

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• As winter sets in, German progress slows and then
  stops
• Were unprepared for the Russian winter
• The Soviets rebuild their armies and get ready to
  fight back
• The Germans commit horrible atrocities against
  the Russian people murder, torture, cities
  starved or completely wiped out
• The Russians knew this would be a fight to the
  death and they fought with a sense of desperation

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Pearl Harbor Dec. 7, 1941

• Why the Japanese attack
• Island nation need resources and raw materials,
  so they have an expanding empire
• Feel provoked by the U.S.
• The U.S. has placed embargoes on resources, such
  as oil, and has frozen Japanese bank accounts
• Other defensive measures due to the Japanese
  invasion of China
• Why Pearl Harbor
• Need a quick win
• Center for the U.S. Pacific Fleet
• Destroy fleet, take colonies, and sue for peace

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US Casualties

•  TOTAL 2,403
• 188 Aircraft destroyed

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Battleships that were hit

• USS Arizona (BB-39)
• USS Oklahoma (BB-37)
• USS California (BB-44)
• USS West Virginia (BB-48)
• USS Nevada (BB-36)
• USS Pennsylvania (BB-38)
• USS Maryland (BB-46)
• USS Tennessee (BB-43)
• USS Utah (AG-16)

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Pearl Harbor Memorial
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• The attack
• Was a two prong attack
• Planes bombed airfields and ships at Pearl Harbor
  in three different waves
• Lasted just under two hours
• 200 aircraft destroyed all 8 battleships were
  either damaged or sunk in the harbor
• Casualties
• 2,403 dead and 1,100 wounded
• 1,177 men die aboard the U.S.S. Arizona
• At the same time the Japanese attack U.S.
  colonies of Wake Island and the Philippines

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• The Philippines fall and General Douglas
  MacArthur leaves with a promise to returne
• Bataan Death March
• 70,000 prisoners march towards a distant prisoner
  camp
• Thousands die due to lack of food, water, and
  violence from their Japanese captors
• Many more will die at the prisoner camp
• They also attack Hong Kong, Thailand, Burma,
  Malaya, Guam, and French Indochina
• Why fails
• Didnt eliminate the fuel tanks or other ships
  (didnt launch the third wave)

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• Beheadings, cut throats and casual shootings were
  the more common and merciful actions compared
  to bayonet stabbings, rapes, disembowelments,
  numerous rifle butt beatings and a deliberate
  refusal to allow the prisoners food or water
  while keeping them continually marching for
  nearly a week (for the slowest survivors) in
  tropical heat. Falling down, unable to continue
  moving was tantamount to a death sentence, as was
  any degree of protest or expression of
  displeasure.

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• All aircraft carriers not in port they were
  sent out to sea a week before
• Aircraft carriers are crucial to battles at sea
  since they are able to launch planes
• U.S. reaction
• U.S. Congress declares war on Japan on Dec. 8
• Three days later Germany and Italy declare war on
  the U.S.
• The U.S. and the Soviet Union are now part of the
  Allied Powers
• Revenge Doolittles raiders bomb Japanese
  cities
• Bring war home to the Japanese

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War in the Pacific

• The Japanese start off with an advantage as the
  U.S. works to overcome the damage from Pearl
  Harbor
• Battle of Coral Sea May 1942
• Japanese and Americans meet in battle off the
  coast of Australia as the Japanese were getting
  ready to invade British-controlled New Guinea
• Both sides lose an aircraft carrier, which hurt
  the Americans more
• Japan claims a victory, although it was the first
  time that the Japanese advance was stopped

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• Battle of Midway Island Turning Point
• June 1942 Japanese want to capture this
  American military base
• Japan wants to lure the Americans into battle and
  finish what they started at Pearl Harbor by
  destroying their fleet
• The U.S. had broken the secret Japanese code and
  knew of the attack U.S. ready and waiting
• They destroy four aircraft carriers in five
  minutes, only lose one of their own
• The Americans now have the advantage

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• Island-hopping take islands that are not as
  well defended and cut off supply lines to
  Japanese strongholds
• Bypass strongholds and capture weaker targets,
  which are then used as bases for the next attack
• Will hop from one island to another as they
  advance towards Japan
• Battle of Guadalcanal summer 1942
• Japanese are building an airstrip there
• Brutal series of battles that lasts for six
  months
• Thousands of Japanese die or kill themselves to
  avoid capture
• women and children jump off cliffs, soldiers
  carry out old samurai traditions, suicide charges

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• Tarawa
• It takes the Americans three days to capture the
  8 square mile island
• 17 out of 5,000 Japanese survive
• 3,000 American casualties
• From 1942 to 1944 the Allies capture the Solomon,
  Gilbert, Marshall, Caroline, and Mariana islands
• MacArthur returns to the Philippines in fall of
  1944
• Battle of Leyte largest naval battle ever
  fought
• First major use of a new Japanese weapon, the
  kamikaze attack

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• Kamikazes Japanese pilots who load their planes
  with explosives and deliberately crash into
  Allied ships, sacrificing their own lives
• Battle ends in victory for the U.S.
• America recaptures the Philippines
• Iwo Jima Feb. 1945
• Want to capture the island to make the regular
  bombing raids on Japan easier for U.S. pilots
• The Japanese decide to make the Americans think
  twice about invading Japan
• Takes 25 days to capture the five mile island
• Approximately 7,000 Americans dead and 20,000
  wounded

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• Out of 21,000 Japanese, only 216 surrender
• Fought to the death
• Raising the flag
• Okinawa
• Many casualties, war of attrition
• 82 days of combat
• Kamikazes sank or damaged 245 ships
• U.S. casualties 75,000, with 12,000 dead
• Approx. 120,000 Japanese killed, along with
  150,000 Okinawan civilians
• Now at Japans doorstep

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