Chapter 1 The Scope of Biology

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Chapter 1 The Scope of Biology

• Applied Biology
• Mrs. Musselman

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What makes something Living?

• How do you know that a sunflower is a living
  thing??? Make a list!
• Hint
• What makes you living?
• Need Energy? How does a plant get it???
• There are many more!!!

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What makes something Living?

• There are 6 characteristics of a living things!
  (All or None system)
• All living things are
• 1. Made of cells
• building blocks of life
• 2. Use energy
• Plants use the sun energy (sunlight) to make
  their own food (producers)
• Animals get energy by eating plants or other
  animals (consumers)

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Characteristic of Living Things (cont.)

• 3. Have features to help them adapt to their
  surroundings
• Camouflage, blend in with surroundings, ability
  to store water
• 4. React to changes in their surroundings
• Living things react to stimuli (light, sounds,
  etc.)
• 5. Change / develop during their lifetimes
• Changes in appearance or size (growth)
• 6. Reproduce
• Produce more organisms of their own kind

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Biology Global to Microscopic Scale

• Organizational Levels of Life

Biosphere/Earth (biggest!)
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Biosphere

• AKA Earth
• Includes all parts of the planet
• Bodies of water
• Land
• Atmosphere (several kilometers high)

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Ecosystem

• Area that includes all the living things and
  non-living features in an environment
• Example
• Woodland Ecosystem (includes trees, plants,
  squirrels, sunlight, water, air)
• Variety all over the earth!!

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Organism

• Individual living things
• Large elephant, squirrel, ant
• Microscopic cant be seen with human eye. Ex.
  Bacteria
• FYI Interactions between all organisms of a
  community make ecosystems a dynamic (constantly
  changing) place.

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Warm-Up

• How could you prove to someone that a frog is
  alive?
• Hint There are 6 Things!!!!!

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Cells

• Lifes smallest unit of structure
• Microscopic
• Control center nucleus
• Cell Theory
• Lifes basic units of structure and function
• Cells come from pre-existing cells
• All organisms are made of one or more cells

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DNA Genes

• Contain inheritable information
• Responsible for passing off traits to offspring
  (ex. Eye color)
• Found in the nucleus of the cell
• Genes are the building blocks of DNA

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Biology Explores Lifes Diversity

• Species Diversity
• Classification
• 3 Domains of Life
• Eukarya
• Archaea
• Bacteria

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• SPECIES - A Distinct form of life that can
  reproduce with each other
• FYI New species found daily ( 1.5 million
  total)
• Species diversity variety of species in a given
  area
• Example The Tropical Rain Forest has MANY
  different species (thousands insects, plants,
  animals)thus it has high species diversity

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Take a guess!

• How many MARINE (ocean) species of fish are there
  on the Earth?

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And the Answer is

• According to ScienceDaily (Oct. 24, 2003) there
  was about 20,000 species of marine fish.

Just for Fun Check out all these newly found
species of starfish!
Totally Cool Starfish!
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• CLASSIFICATION
• A system of putting organisms in categories
  based on similar characteristics.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      

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1. How could I classify these animals?

• Duck
• Crab
• Shark
• Whale
• Butterfly
• Lion
• Alligator
• Spider
• Grizzly bear
• Squirrel

WALK FLY SWIM
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• 3 DOMAINS OF LIFE
• Domain broadest category in classifying life
  forms
• Eukarya
• Bacteria
• Archaea

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The Breakdown!!
3 Domains
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Warm-Up

• Put the levels of biological organization in
  order from largest to smallest
• Cells
• DNA Genes
• Biosphere
• Organism
• Ecosystem
• 2. What are the 3 Domains (groups) that ALL
  living things can be classified into?

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The Breakdown!!
3 Domains
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Eukaryotic Vs Prokaryotic Organisms

• Eukaryotic Organisms
• Complex organisms
• In Domain Eukarya
• Multicellular (many-celled)
• Cells contain a Nucleus!
• Prokaryotic Organisms
• Simple organisms
• In Domains Bacteria Archaea
• Unicellular (1-celled)
• NO Nucleus in cell!

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• Domain Eukarya
• Multicellular complex
• Eukaryotic organisms
• Plants, Animals, Protists, Fungi

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• Domain Bacteria
• Single cell, simple, prokaryotic organisms
• Example Streptococcus (bacteria that causes
  strep)

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• Archaea
• Extreme bacteria
• Live in (hot, salty, CRAZY) places