Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e

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Thinking About Psychology The Science of Mind
and Behavior 2e

• Charles T. Blair-Broeker
• Randal M. Ernst

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Developmental Domain
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Life-Span Development Chapter
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Adolescence

• Module 15

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What is Adolescence?

• Module 15 Adolescence

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Adolescence

• Transition period from childhood to adulthood
• From puberty (the start of sexual maturation) to
  independence

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Adolescence
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Physical Development in Adolescence

• Module 15 Adolescence

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Puberty

• The period of sexual maturation where the person
  becomes capable of reproducing
• Starts at approximately age 11 in females and age
  13 in males
• Major growth spurt

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Physical Development
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Primary Sex Characteristics

• The body structures that make sexual reproduction
  possible
• Reproductive organs
• Ovaries in females
• Testes in males

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Secondary Sex Characteristics

• Nonreproductive sexual characteristics
• Breasts and hip development in females
• Voice quality and facial hair in males

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Sexual Characteristics
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Sexual Orientation

• Enduring sexual attraction toward
• people of the other gender (heterosexuality)
• Ones own gender (homosexuality)
• Ones attraction toward people of a particular
  gender
• Usually heterosexual or homosexual small
  minority bisexual

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Heterosexual

• A sexual orientation in which a person is
  attracted to members of the opposite sex
• straight

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Homosexual

• A sexual orientation in which a person is
  attracted to members of the same sex
• Approximately 3-4 of the male population and
  1-2 of the female population

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Sexual Orientation

• Play Sexual Orientation and Activity (317)
  Segment 25 from Psychology The Human Experience

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Cognitive Development Reasoning

• Module 15 Adolescence

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Formal Operational Stage

• Piagets fourth and final stage of cognitive
  development
• The person can think logically, hypothetically,
  and in the abstract
• Qualitative change over the thinking of a child

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Cognitive Development in Adolescence Morality

• Module 15 Adolescence

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Lawrence Kohlberg

• Author of a three-stage theory of moral
  development

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1. Preconventional Moral Reasoning

• Characterized by the desire to avoid punishment
  or gain reward
• Typically children under the age of 9

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2. Conventional Moral Reasoning

• Primary concern is to fit in and play the role of
  a good citizen
• People have a strong desire to follow the rules
  and laws.
• Typical of most adults

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3. Postconventional Moral Reasoning

• Characterized by references to universal ethical
  principles that represent the rights or
  obligations of all people
• Most adults do not reach this level.

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Lawrence KohlbergMoral Development
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Lawrence KohlbergMoral Development
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Lawrence KohlbergMoral Development
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Social Development in Adolescence

• Module 15 Adolescence

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Erik Erikson

• Created an 8-stage theory of social development
• Each stage has its own psychosocial,
  developmental task.

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Erik Erikson

• Insert Eriksons Stages of Psychosocial
  Development Trust Versus Mistrust Video 20
  from Worths Digital Media Archive for
  Psychology.
• Instructions for importing the video file can be
  found in the Readme file on the CD-ROM.

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Social Development in Adolescence Developing
Identity

• Module 15 Adolescence

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Identity

• Ones sense of self
• According to Erikson, an adolescence task is to
  solidify a sense of self by testing and
  integrating various roles
• A strong, consistent sense of who and what a
  person is

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Developing Identity

• Identity search includes the following
  characteristics
• Experimentation
• Rebellion
• Self-ishness
• Optimism and energy

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Discovering Ones Identity

• Play Adolescence Independence from Parents and
  Identity Formation (448) Segment 22 from
  Psychology The Human Experience.

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Social Development in Adolescence Developing
Intimacy

• Module 15 Adolescence

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Intimacy

• In Eriksons theory, the ability to form close,
  loving, open relationships
• To Erikson this is the primary task of early
  adulthood
• Not necessarily ones spouse or a sexual
  relationship

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Social Development in Adolescence Independence
from Family

• Module 15 Adolescence

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Three Key Developmental Issues

• Module 15 Adolescence

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1. Continuity and Stages

• How much of behavior is continuous and how much
  follows a more stage like development?

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2. Stability and Change

• Which developmental traits remain stable over
  time, and which change?

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3. Nature and Nurture

• How much of our behavior is due to nature and how
  much is due to nurture?
• How do nature and nurture interact in development?

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The End
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