Collocation in English Writing

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Collocation in English Writing

• I. Definition
• the co-occurrence relationships between words. A
  word by the company it keeps
• ?????????????
• 1aThe traffic in many big cites is getting more
  and more crowded
• 1bThe traffic in many big cities is getting
  heavier and heavier.

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• ?????????,????????????
• a) Although he did not express them, I could
  see his thoughts
• b) Although he did not express them, I could
  read his thoughts.
• ??????????????
• a)       The government tries to improve the
  standard of living
• b)      . The government tries to upgrade/raise
  the standard of living.

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• II. Difference between English and Chinese
• Chinese more economy
• English has a new word for a new thing
• ???,???,???,??,??????????,???,???
• library, aquarium, museum, hotel, restaurant,
  gymnasium, exhibition hall, photo studio, embassy
  
• ?????????????????,??
• beer, cocktail, liquor,wine,champagne,spirits

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• N.
• ???,???,????
• tomato soup,beef broth, ginseng decoction
• ????,????,????,
• personal hygienicy,public health,environmental
  sanitation
• ????,????,????
• natural environment, social circumstances,
  comfortable surroundings
• ??,??
• fan football fan, movie fan,
• addict computer addict, chess addict.

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• Adj/
• ????,????,????
• filthy novels,vulgar music,pornographic
  movies
• ???,???,???,???,???,???,???,
• vice president, deputy manager, associate
  professor, assistant commanding officer,
  non-staple food, side effects,subheading.
• ?????????????????????????
• false teeth, false appearance, artificial
  flowers, artificial limbs, counterfeit money,
  fake pictures, fake policemen, phony/quack
  doctors.

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• ????????????
• thick soup, strong tea, strong coffee, thick
  hair, thick eyebrow
• ??,??,??
• fresh water, weak tea, slow season
• ???,????,???,??,??,??,a double room, a double
  standards, a double-edged sword? twin peaks, twin
  towers?twin stars
• ?????,?????
• lump-sum payment, disposable slippers
• ????,????
• malignant tumor, vicious circle

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• V.
• ????,?????,????,
• pursue knowledge, learn to speak English, follow
  the example
• ???????????????????,????,????
• turn on the TV.,open the box, answer the door,
  loosen the tie, unfold the letter, discover the
  secrets
• ?????????????????????????????,
  ????,????
• regain/restore ones health, resume talk, restore
  order, return to normal, recover consciousness,
  regain composure, relieve fatigue, reconstruct
  economy?

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• ????????????????, ????
• improve ones conversational ability, improve the
  art of leadership, raise the intellectual level ,
  improve English
• Subject.
• ???????????????????????,??????????????
• China in her development needs not only engineers
  and scientists, but talent of different kinds.

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• ??????????????,?????????
• You have made good progress in teaching and
  researching but you should guard against
  complacency.
• ???????????????????
• We have won one victory after another in the
  struggle against the enemy

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• III. The Error Analysis
• ??????????
• a) The local people dont seem to be afraid of
  the hot weather.
• b) It seems that the local people dont mind the
  hot weather.
• ??????,???????
• a) Smoking is harmful for your body. Dont learn
  from him.
• b) Smoking is harmful for health. Dont follow
  his example.

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• ????????????
• a).I feel college studies are quite busy.
• b). I feel quite busy with college studies.
• ?????,???????
• a).His body is weak but his spirit is good
• b) He is physically weak but mentally sound.
• ????????,????????????
• a) If he watches TV like this, his eyes will be
  completely blind one day.
• b) If he watches TV like this, he will completely
  blind one day.

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• VI. The way to study Collocation
• Opportunity
• Adj. abundant, ample(???), equal, favorable,
  golden, great, rare(???), precious, unique(???),
  unusual, wide
• N. ,job, education, employment, learning,
  money-making
• V. accept, afford/give/offer/present/provide,
  appreciate, await(??), be denied(????),
  embrace(???), enjoy,find, grasp/take/seize(??),
  have, let slip, lose, miss, neglect(??),give
  up/pass up(??) utilize/take advantage of(??),
  welcome, ---arise/occur(??), -slip away(??)

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• enjoy
• 1)??????
• enjoy parental protection???????
• enjoy grassroots support ??????
• enjoy the thanks and applause of ???????
• enjoy government subsidies????????
• enjoy assistance from?????
• 2)??????
• enjoy a series of privileges ???????
• enjoy great prestige ???????
• enjoy red-carpet treatment ???????
• enjoy great credibility???????
• enjoy access to ??(???)??(??)

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• 3)??????
• enjoy advantages??????
• enjoy market supremacy?????????
• enjoy better communications?????????
• enjoy a bilingual ability???????????
• enjoy unlimited market potential?????????
• enjoy a special place in ?????????
• enjoy a distant edge over sb.?????

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• 4)??????
• enjoy low inflation and high rates of growth
  ??????,??????
• enjoy a 31 percent increase in income ??????????
• enjoy a surge in sales????
• enjoy double-digit growth????????????
• enjoy the biggest salary rises????????

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• 5)??????
• enjoy the occasional spree????????
• enjoy the greenery ???????
• enjoy a revival????
• enjoy a successful career?????????
• enjoy affluence????
• enjoy a rehabilitation????
• enjoy prosperity ????

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• 6) ??????
• enjoy considerable influence????????
• enjoy a warm working relationship ??????
• enjoy uncustomary warmth ?????????
• enjoy a political honeymoon ???????
• 7)???
• enjoy a fair amount of sunshine ???????
• enjoy a dry day????

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• Suffer
• 1)    ??????
• suffer a stroke??
• suffer head injuries ????
• suffer liver failure???
• suffer stomach trouble ???
• suffer brain damage????
• suffer agonizing pains ????
• suffer mental disorders????
• suffer nervous shock ??????
• suffer a series of fevers????
• suffer burns??

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• 2)  ??????,?????
• suffer mental agony????
• suffer emotional aguish??????
• suffer discrimination???
• suffer inequalities/injustice????
• suffer negative publicity????
• suffer abuse???
• suffer torture???
• suffer beatings???
• suffer a trauma?????
• suffer physical violence?????
• suffer punishment???

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• 3)????????????
• suffer serious pollutions ?????
• suffer rising unemployment????????
• suffer an earthquake????
• suffer serious accidents??????
• suffer steady economic deterioration????????
• suffer a sharp decline/drop in production/living
  standards??/????????
• suffer a crash????,??
• suffer a brain drain????
• suffer devastation/damage???
• suffer decay??

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• suffer a trade deficit????
• suffer continuous grain deficits??????
• suffer a famine????
• suffer a serious spread of AIDS???????
• suffer high casualties????
• suffer a recession????
• suffer a widespread drought????????
• suffer a setback??
• suffer a defeat??
• suffer serious consequences??????
• suffer a fire??

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• 4) ??
• suffer speech problems ????
• suffer a school system???????
• suffer poor service???
• suffer a change ??????
• suffer flight delays??????
• suffer periodic shortage???????
• suffer cycles of success and defeats??????
• suffer a severe image problem????
• suffer the strains of success????????

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• V. Dictionary recommended.
• 1?Oxford Collocations Dictionary for Students of
  English----- ?????????? 74?90
• 2??????????? ????????? 106?00
• 3??????????? ????????? 36?00