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Chapter 7: CNIDARIANS: Jellies, Corals, and Anemones Coral Reefs * * Cnidarians Cnidarians are named because of the stinging cells they possess - cnidocytes ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation
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Title: Chapter%207:%20CNIDARIANS:
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Chapter 7 CNIDARIANS
- Jellies, Corals, and Anemones
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Cnidarians
- Cnidarians are named because of the stinging
cells they possess - cnidocytes - Cnidocytes produce organelles called nematocysts
that actually sting the prey
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Cnidarians
- Cnidarians are radially symmetrical.
- Look the same from all sides and have no head,
front, or back
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- Cnidarians have 2 ends
- Oral Surface
- Aboral Surface
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Anatomy Physiology
- 2 tissue layers
- Intermediate non-living layer
- Serves as support system
- Single opening (mouth/anus) and no head
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Cnidarians
- Cnidarians occur in 2 basic forms.
- Polyp form attaches to the bottom sediments, the
mouth opens upwardly and is surrounded by a ring
of tentacles - Medusa form free-floating stage - commonly known
as a jellyfish
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Cnidarian Classes
- 3 classes of cnidarians
- Hydrozoans
- Scyphozoans
- Anthozoans
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Cnidarian Hydrozoan
- Hydrozoans
- colonial organisms
- not true jellyfish.
- Can be drifting polyps or siphonophores
Siphonophores like the Portuguese man-of-war are
drifting colonies of polyps
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Cnidarian Scyphozoan
- Scyphozoan
- true jellyfish
- have limited swimming abilities, so they depend
on the currents - Spend most of their life as a medusa
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Schyphozoan - cannon ball jelly
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Scyphozoan - moon jelly
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Scyphozoan - Sea Nettle
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Scyphozoan - Upside-down jelly
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Scyphozoan - Lions Mane
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Anthozoans
- Includes - sea anemones, corals, sea fans, sea
pens, and sea pansies - EXCLUSIVELY polyp form
- They can be very colorful - look like underwater
flowers - Most complex cnidarian
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Anthozoan - continued
- They have strong muscles that allow them to
extend and retract their tentacles - for feeding
and avoidance of danger - Often are symbiotic
- When two organisms create a union in which each
is benefited by the other
Over time the clownfish becomes immune to the
sting of sea anemones, then uses the anemone for
protection
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Anthozoans - Corals
- Two types - hard and soft corals
- Hard corals secrete a calcium carbonate skeleton
- which remains after death - Soft corals do not produce the rigid skeleton and
look more like plants than animals - sea fans and
sea pens are two examples
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Polyp Anatomy
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Coral Nutrition
- Zooxanthellae provide nourishment for the coral
through photosynthesis - Coral has an immense surface area for feeding
(the entire reef)
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Bartholomea annulata Corkscrew Anemone
- Description thin, droopy tentacles that spiral
- Distribution Florida, Bahamas, Caribbean
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Gorgonia ventalina Common Sea Fan
- Description
- single plane and fan shaped
- Purple, yellow, or brown
- Distribution
- Florida Keys near coral reefs
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Pennatulacea Common Sea Pen
- Description
- Resemble quill pens, will glow when touched
- Distribution
- Shallow and deep water from polar waters to
tropics
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Renilla Sea Pansy
- Description
- Flattened, kidney-shaped
- Distribution
- Pacific and Atlantic coasts of North America
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Montastrea annularis Boulder Start Coral
- Description
- Form dome-like tops
- Large mounds
- Shades of green, brown, yellow, and gray
- Distribution
- Western Atlantic Ocean
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Sponge and Cnidarian Video
- http//youtu.be/DuQcmpHZ9tQ
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Coral Reefs
- Economy
- Tourism
- Fishing
- Research
- Types
- Fringing
- Barrier
- Atoll
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Ecology
- Marine and Freshwater (Hydrozoa)
- All oceans, all depths
- Symbiants
- Shelter and food
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Phylum Ctenophora (comb jellies)
- Have eight rows of cilia on their outer body -
used in locomotion - They do not have stinging cells!!!
- They catch food by trapping it a sticky coating
on their cilia or sucking in mouthfuls of water
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COMB JELLY
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