Chapter%207:%20Consonantal%20Gestures - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Title: Chapter%207:%20Consonantal%20Gestures


1
Chapter 7 Consonantal Gestures
2
Place
3
Purpose

• Review English Categories
• Look at Other Place and Manner Possibilities -
  
• Examples in Other Languages
•  Look at Common Disordered Categories

4
Place

• Need to Specify
• Passive articulator
• Active articulator

5
Most Non-English Sounds

• Similar Places
• Different Manner

1. Bilabial
2. Labiodental
3. Dental
4. Alveolar
5. Retroflex
6. Palato-Alveolar
7. Palatal
8. Velar
9. Uvular
10. Pharyngeal
11. Epiglottal
6
Bilabials
LABIAL

• English
• Oral Nasal Stops, Glides
• Other languages
• Fricatives
• Spanish saber (to know) /saße?/

Linguo-labials - tongue lip
7
Labiodental
LABIAL

• English Fricatives
• Many languages have fricatives, affricates
• German Pfund (pound) /pfunt/
• No phonemic Stops or Nasals
• Acoustic similarity to bilabials
• Many allophonic nasals
• E.g., symphony /s??f?ni/
• emphasis /??f?s?s/

8
Interdental/Dental
CORONAL

• English Fricatives
• Other Languages
• Stops
• Nasals

9
Alveolar
CORONAL

• English
• Stops, Nasals, Fricatives, Approximants
• Other Languages
• Affricates
• E.g., German, Zeit (time) /tsa?t/
• Nonphonemic in English
• E.g., eats /its/

10
Retroflex
CORONAL
Retroflex - tongue tip pointed up, articulation
with underside of tongue (not manner because
place is both where and what with tongue)

• English
• Liquids
• Other Languages
• Stops, Nasals, Laterals, Fricatives
• E.g., Quichua, ari (yes) /a?i/

11
Part of Tongue Used
CORONAL

• Apical - Tongue Tip
• Laminal - Tongue Blade
• Dorsal - Back of Tongue

12
Alveolar and Palatal
CORONAL

• English
• Fricatives

Palato-alveolar - front of tongue domed, tongue
tip near alveolar/post-alveolar region (not
underside)
Alveolo-palatals (like palatal palato-alveolar)
- further back than palato-alveolar, but still
tongue tip under alveolar ridge (Chinese and
Polish)
13
Palatal
CORONAL

• English
• Fricatives, Liquids, Glides
• Other Languages
• Stops, Fricatives, Nasal
• Laminal vs. Dorsal
• Phonemic vs. Allophonic Uses

14
Velar
DORSAL

• English
• Stops, Nasals
• Fricatives
• Spanish
• German

15
Uvular
DORSAL

• Back of tongue to uvula
• Not in American English
• Fricatives
• French
• Trill
• German /R/
• Nasals
• Iniktitut /N/
• Stop
• Iniktitut /q, G/

16
Epiglottis
DORSAL

• Epiglottis to back wall of pharynx
• Rare
• Fricatives
• Phonemic contrast between pharyngeal epiglottal
  place extremely rare.
• Acoustic similarity

See Agul
17
Pharyngeal
DORSAL

• Root of tongue to back wall of pharynx
• Fricatives

18
Manner
19
Stops

• Summary Table 7.5, p. 168.
• Know how each is produced

20
(No Transcript)
21
Nasals

• In many languages
• Primarily Voiced, some voiceless.

22
Fricatives

• Largest variety
• Classification
• Tongue grooved or flat
• not bilabial
• Sibilants and Non-sibilants
• Auditory distinction
• Sibilants have greater acoustic energy
• Different means of obstruction

23
Nasals, stops and fricatives (Nasals are all
voiced despite the uvular nasal being on the left)
24
Trill

• Tip of tongue set in motion by air
• Uvular, Alveolar, Bilabial

25
Tap/Flap

• Tap
• Tongue tuip hitting roof of mouth
• Spanish single r pero (but) /pe?o/
• Flap
• One articulator being thrown against another.
• Technically flaps retroflex and post-alveolar
• Often grouped, terminology used interchangeably.
• E.g., betty (tap) vs. hardup (flap)

26
Affricates

• Phonemic Duration
• Types
• Alveopalatal
• Alveolar
• Labial
• Ejectives Possible

27
Lateral vs. Central / Approximants (liquids
glides)

• Lateral
• Air passes out sides
• Central
• Air passes out center
• Alveolar vs. Velar

28
Place Manner Differences in Disordered Speech
29
Lateralization

• Primarily
• Stops
• Fricatives

30
Speech with a Cleft Palate

• Cleft in hard/soft palate
• Tissue, Bony Structure, Muscle
• Inadequate closure/obstruction of air
• Structurally unable to produce certain sounds
• Attempt to keep same manner with different place
• May result in
• Nasal Fricatives
• Glottal Stops
• Pharyngeal Fricatives

31
What you know about consonants

• Airstream Mechanism
• Airstream Direction
• Glottis State
• Part of Tongue Involved (NA on some)
• Primary Place of Articulation
• Manner of Articulation
• Centrality
• Nasality

32
Airstream Mechanism

1. Pulmonic
2. Glottalic
3. Velaric

33
Airstream Direction

• Egressive
• Ingressive

34
Glottis State

1. Voiced
2. Voiceless
3. Murmured
4. Laryngealized
5. Closed

35
Part of Tongue Involved

• Apical
• Laminal
• Neither

36
Primary Place of Articulation

1. Bilabial
2. Labiodental
3. Dental
4. Alveolar
5. Retroflex
6. Alveopalatal
7. Palato-alveolar
8. Palatal
9. Velar
10. Uvular
11. Pharyngeal
12. (Labial-Velar)

37
Manner of Articulation

1. Stop
2. Fricative
3. Approximant
4. Trill
5. Flap
6. Tap
7. Affricate

38
Centrality

1. Central
2. Lateral

39
Nasality

1. Oral
2. Nasal

40
(No Transcript)
41
(No Transcript)
42
Practice match the transcription with the sound
1
2
3
4
5
a ?al
b ?oz
c qa?u
d p?x
e ka?
43
Practice match the transcription with the sound
1
2
3
4
5
c
a ?al
b ?oz
c qa?u
d p?x
e ka?
e
a
b
d
44
Difficult Fricative Practice
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
a a?a
b afa
c aTa
d asa
e a?a
f aSa
g aCa
h axa
i aXa
j a?a
45
Difficult Fricative Practice
1 b
2 e
3 g
4 h
5 c
6 i
7 f
8 j
9 a
10 d
a a?a
b afa
c aTa
d asa
e a?a
f aSa
g aCa
h axa
i aXa
j a?a