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LLED 556Perspectives on Early Literacy
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Child as hypothesis-tester (constructivism) 9/7/09. 11. 1970s: Key Research ... Piagetian vs. Vygotskian (cognitive vs. social constructivism) ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation
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Title: LLED 556Perspectives on Early Literacy
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LLED 556-Perspectives on Early Literacy
- Past and Present
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Turn of the 20th Century
- Iredell (1898) - parallels between oral language
and literacy development
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Edmund Huey (1908)
- The Psychology and Pedagogy of Reading
- Literacy is developmental, variable with
experience - Like language acquisition, literacy development
is social in purpose - The classroom is a social community (for becoming
literate) - Natural desire to learn and communicate provides
motivation for literacy - Motivation is key to success in developing
reading fluency
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Huey
- Reading is not a separate subject, but a means
for learning (e.g., content) - Pedagogy
- Language experience approach
- Visual presentation of new vocabulary
- Phonics is separate from reading (sound-symbol
associations and clarity of diction)
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Early Studies of Writing
- Legrun (1932) and Hildreth (1936)
- Documented stages of writing
- beginning with random scribbles
- -gt scribbles with horizontal and vertical
characteristics - -gt consistent linearity
- -gt shapes that approximate letters
- -gt conventional alphabetic forms
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Reading Readiness Evolves
- Little interest in pre-school reading prior to
1920 - Readiness Era - begins in early 1920s
- Coming together of 2 major areas
- testing movement (Thorndike)
- maturation theory (Gesell, 1925)
- Neural Ripening
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Reading Readiness Era (1930s-1980s)
- Mental age concept of readiness
- Morphett Washburne (1931)
- - Mental age of 6 years 6 months needed
- Maturation of physical and motor skills
- Wait until the child is ready to read
- Metropolitan Readiness Test
- Reading Readiness programs
- Emphasis on pre-reading skills
- - Visual perception motor skills activities
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mid 1950s - 1960s
- Sputnik (1957)
- Chomskys Language Acquisition Device
- Growth of cognitive sciences (Bruner, 1968)
- Cognitive development similar to physical and
motor development - Try to speed up the developmental process and
prepare the child for reading
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Key Studies - 1960s
- Dolores Durkin (1966) - Children Who Read Early
- Marie Clay (1966) - Emergent Reading Behaviour
(PhD dissertation) - Yetta Goodman (1967) - Beginning Reading as a
Psycholinguistic Process (PhD dissertation)
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1970s 1980sResearch Themes
- Child language (Bruner, Cazden)
- Metalinguistic awareness (Downing, Johns)
- Early language literacy in home environments
(Wells, Taylor) - Early language literacy in different
socio-cultural contexts (Heath) - Child as hypothesis-tester (constructivism)
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1970s Key Research
- Charles Read (1975) - Childrens Categorization
of Speech Sounds in English - Marie Clay (1975) - What did I Write?
- Don Holdaway (1979) - The Foundations of Literacy
- - Whole Language view arises
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1980s Emergent Literacy evolves
- naturalistic. ethnographic studies
- Bissex (1980) Gnys at Wrk
- Heath (1983) Ways with Words
- Taylor (1983) Family Literacy
- Harste et al. (1984) Language Stories and
Literacy Lessons - Wells (1986) The Meaning Makers
- Teale Sulzby (1986) Emergent Literacy as a
Perspective writers and readers
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Towards the New Millenium
- Increasing linguistic and cultural diversity
- Globalization
- New Economy
- New Liberalism
- Rise of conservativism fundamentalism
- Increasing politicization of education
- Accountability and Standards
- New technologies ( brain research)
- Backlash Back to Basics
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1990s - Present - Issues
- Phonological and phonemic awareness
- Balanced literacy
- Decodable texts
- Family literacy
- Early intervention
- Multimodality
- Sociocultural aspects of literacy
- Teacher preparation professionalism
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Current debates
- Piagetian vs. Vygotskian (cognitive vs. social
constructivism) - Skills (bottom-up) vs Meaning emphasis
- Phonics vs Whole Language
- Direct instruction, explicit instruction,
scaffolding - Readiness for school re-emerging
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Alternative Perspectives
- Cognitive Information Processing Theories
- Piagetian/Naturalist Theories
- Social Constructivist /Transationalist Theories
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Looking ahead
- Readings for next week
- Finalize Literature Circle Groups
- Establish Inquiry Groups
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Inquiry Groups
- Major area of interest
- Narrow down topics
- Prior Knowledge
- New questions/issues
- Current resources
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