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Title: http:www'science'mcmaster'cageofacultywilliamsgeo3hh3index'html


1
http//www.science.mcmaster.ca/geo/faculty/william
s/geo3hh3/index.html
2
Therapeutic Landscapes as Healing Places
Traditional Environments
  • Health related qualities of specific physical
    environments
  • Sanctuaries (holy places, places of refuge)
  • Wilderness environments
  • Spas
  • Interaction between physical environment and
    human activities

3
Model of TL themes
  • Inner/meaning
  • Natural setting
  • Built environment
  • Sense of place
  • Symbolic landscapes
  • Everyday activities
  • Outer/societal context
  • Beliefs philosophies
  • Social relations
  • territoriality

4
Physical Landscapes
  • Surroundings conducive to physical and social
    well-being
  • Nature
  • Scenery
  • Environment
  • Interior exterior building design (impact
    interaction, behaviour, e.g. awe of Roman baths)

5
Wilderness Environments
  • Pristine, harmonious landscapes
  • Last frontier/wild places
  • Environmental preservation/undisturbed
  • Out of doors/open space
  • Facilitates relaxation, restoration works as a
    preventative measure in dealing with the stresses
    of life

6
Wilderness Environments
  • Meaning
  • Aesthetic
  • Valued Association link with past/harmony with
    nature
  • Environmental health - preservation
  • Spiritual subjectively defined
  • Reaction
  • Restoration, healing, health

7
Spiritual
  • The spirituality of wilderness environments can
    be either reputed and/or individually experienced
  • Reputed via cultural beliefs (folklore/legend)
  • Experienced via existing in harmony with
    nature/bond with nature/topophilia
  • Buddhist monasteries
  • Retreat houses

8
Wilderness Environments Reactions
  • Invigorating/energizing
  • Relaxation/Happiness
  • New clear vision, feeling, knowing
  • Sacred/spiritual
  • Aesthetically pleasing/rich in natural beauty

9
Sense of Place
  • Lived geographies
  • Everyday geographies
  • Ordinary geographies
  • Houses (e.g. home)
  • Streets, parks, fields (e.g. neighbourhoods)
  • Factories
  • Offices
  • Schools, etc.

10
Parallels Therapeutic Communities
  • Focused on mentally challenged
  • Evolved as an attempt to replace the prevailing
    poor conditions custodial care
    (institutionalized guardian/keeper) in mental
    hospitals with truly therapeutic environments
    treatments

11
Therapeutic Communities Guiding Principles
  • A holistic view of patient treatment
  • Fostering a spirit of community
  • Permissiveness (allowing patients to act out
    their problems)
  • Promoting a democratic environment (active
    participation in treatment)
  • Preparation to take up social roles in outside
    world

12
TL Restorative Environments (RE)
  • Continuum of landscapes capable of supporting
    human health well-being
  • RE ?Principal objective is user stimulation
    enjoyment (often realized indirectly)
  • TL ? patient treatment wellness (often achieved
    through direct interaction with the landscape)

13
Therapeutic Communities Extensions
  • Non-hospital situations
  • Other groups outside of mentally challenged
  • Juvenile delinquents
  • Handicapped disturbed children
  • Drug addicts
  • Intentional communities
  • Personal growth, social action, belief systems
  • Initiated by New Age, Christian, back-to-the
    land, Environmental, Egalitarian (equal rights)
    movements

14
Therapeutic Hospital Environments
  • Patient placed in the centre
  • various strategies specific to
  • integrating nature in the design
  • creating the built environment for therapy
  • interpreting symbols, and
  • fostering social relations
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