Title: Health outcomes of DryOnsite Sanitation, Water Services and Hygiene Education in eThekwini District,
1Health outcomes of Dry-Onsite Sanitation, Water
Services and Hygiene Education in eThekwini
District, Durban, South Africa
2FUNDING
- eThekwini Municipality,
- World Health Organisation
- Swedish Institute of Infectious Disease
- Stockholm and Environmental Institute / SIDA
3BACKGROUND (cont.)
- South African National Targets
- Provide adequate sanitation for all by 2010
- Safe water 2007
- eThekwini Municipality
- Free basic water supply
- 200 l / household /day
- Urine diversion toilets (onsite dry sanitation)
- Health hygiene education.
- Requested evaluations to assess health outcome.
4SAMPLE SELECTION
- Multi-stage random sampling approach.
- Stage 1 Random selection
- 1 Intervention 1 Control Area
- North, South West Sub-District.
- Intervention Areas (I)
- Mzinyathi (I1N )
- Mtamuntengayo (I2W)
- Sawpitts (I3S)
- Control Areas (C)
- Ogunjini (C1N)
- Bux Farm (C2W)
- Adams Mission (C3S)
5Use of GIS maps and data-base for sample selection
6DATA COLLECTION HANDLING
- Data collected from key-respondents
- 2 trained fieldworkers.
- Data collection tools
- Household questionnaire
- Repeat visit questionnaire
- Observational checklist
- Each household visited every two weeks for 6
visits to reduce information bias. - Data captured using EpiData.
- Data processed analysed using SPSS vers. 13
7 Number () of Households,
Household Members Density in Intervention
Control Areas in EcoSan Study, eThekwini, 2006.
8 Number () of Households,
Household Members Density in Intervention
Control Areas in EcoSan Study, eThekwini, 2006.
9Incidence Rate (IR) Adjusted Incidence Rate
Ratio (IRR) of Diarrhoea in Intervention
Control Areas
10Incidence Rate Difference (IRD) Number Needed
to Treat (NNT) of Diarrhoea in Intervention
Control Areas
11Episodes of Diarrhoea Vomiting Diverted Due to
Sanitation Intervention in Ethekwini 2007
- Episodes of diarrhoea reduced
- Episodes averted / person X Households X People
/ household - 1.57 X 56377 X 5.4
- 477 964 episodes of diarrhoea averted
- Episodes of vomiting reduced
- Episodes averted / person X Households X People
/ household - 0.35 X 56377 X 5.4
- 106 552 episodes of vomiting averted
12Summary of Innovation
- Request for evaluation by key stake-holders
- Sample Selection
- GIS GPS in per-rural areas
- Sample Size
13Summary of Innovation (cont.)
- Information
- Prospective collection of outcome incidence
- Repeat visit every 2 weeks for 3 months
- Person-days
- All sample homesteads geo-referenced
- Site for future studies
- Cryptococcus, Giardia, Parasites