Antoni Montserrat, Eurostat E3May 20031 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Title: Antoni Montserrat, Eurostat E3May 20031


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• Disability Trends and social participation in the
  European Union
• Eurostat
• Unit E-3 Education, Health and Culture
• Luxembourg

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Eurostat Statistical Office of the European Union

• The European Statistical System (ESS) all the
  government bodies which, at the various levels -
  regional, national and Community - are
  responsible for drawing up, processing and
  disseminating the statistical information needed
  for the economic and social life of the
  Community.
• The ESS is being developed according to the
  principles of subsidiarity, partnership, transfer
  of competence and consultation.
• Tools The Statistical Programme Committee (SPC),
  the various committees, working groups and task
  forces organised by Eurostat Steering
  Committee on Statistical Information (CDIS)
  European Advisory Committee on Statistical
  Information in the Economic and Social Spheres
  (CEIES)
• Council Regulation on Community Statistics (EC No
  322/97 of 17 February 1997) was prepared with a
  view to defining the rights and duties in the
  sphere of Community statistics. This is also
  known as the Community Statistical Law.

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Sources for disability data

• You cannot compare what is not comparable
• To compare and to analyse national data,
  unavoidable steps
• To inventoriate national sources (e.g. Eurostats
  database of European Health Interview and Health
  Examination Surveys (2001) and OECD inventory)
• To harmonise data and metada
• To create methods of conversion
  (post-harmonisation) when possible
• To use European surveys (or modules) when
  possible

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Sources for disability data at EU and EEA level

• (1) Analysis of data on disability from national
  health surveys in the EU (The HIS 18 items
  project)
• (2) The ECHP (European Community Household Panel)
• (3) The Labour Force Survey
• (4) The Eurobarometer
• (5) Administrative registers related to the
  social protection schemes

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(1) Analysis of data on disability from national
health surveys in the EU

• Many EU countries perform regular health
  interview surveys that contain indicators of
  disability. In many instances, the questions
  measuring these indicators are reasonably
  similar, but data and results from these surveys
  do not seem comparable without some form of
  post-harmonization.
• The following three disability indicators were
  examined Self-perceived health, Long-standing
  illness/chronic conditions, Long-standing
  activity limitations. While not all are
  indicators of disability on the strict sense, for
  methodological reasons it is important to include
  other health-related indicators. In order to
  evaluate the comparability of disability
  indicators, it is necessary to first determine
  the dimensionality of the data, i.e. the
  psychometric properties of self-reported items.

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(1) Analysis of data on disability from national
health surveys in the EU

• Response Conversion (RC) was developed within the
  framework of the Health Monitoring Program (HMP)
  of the European Commission, and its introduction
  as a routine tool is currently being considered.
  Conversion techniques are rather new and have
  great potential for overcoming problems in
  incomparability of outcomes of data based on
  different classifications and/or scalings
  (questions) many times reflecting cultural
  differences. Response conversion (RC) is a novel
  statistical technique that assists in comparing
  data in several circumstances
• 1. items on the same topic having different
  formulations
• 2. new items replacing old ones, thereby causing
  a trend gap
• 3. items with identical formulations but subject
  to cultural response biases.

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(1) Analysis of data on disability from national
health surveys in the EU
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(2) The ECHP (European Community Household Panel)

• The ECHP is a longitudinal, multi-subject survey
  covering many aspects of daily life, particularly
  employment and income, but also demographic
  characteristics, the environment, education and
  health (i) simultaneous coverage of numerous
  dimensions, (ii) a standardised methodology
  producing comparable information for the Member
  States of the European Union, and (iii) a
  longitudinal or "panel" design
• The ECHP sample covers some 60 000 households
  comprising 130 000 adults aged 16 or over.
• Period 1994-2002. The ECHP contains several
  questions on health, including questions on
  restrictions on everyday activities caused by a
  health problem and difficulties in daily life.

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(2) The ECHP (European Community Household Panel)

• The reference questions are
• Q158 Do you have any chronic physical or mental
  health problem, illness or disability?
• Q159 Are you hampered in your daily activities
  by this chronic physical or mental health
  problem, illness or disability? Yes, severely /
  Yes, to some extent / No

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(3) The Labour Force Survey

• The Labour Force Survey (LFS) was established
  under Council Regulation 3711/91/EEC, of 16
  December 1991. Since 1995 it has covered 15
  Member States and 700 000 private households. The
  concepts and definitions have been
  internationally agreed. The degree of
  comparability among Member States is considerably
  higher than that of any other set of statistics
  on un/employment.
• A LFS is an inquiry directed to households,
  designed to obtain information on the labour
  market and related issues by means of personal
  interviews. As it would clearly involve
  considerable expense to include all households
  (as in population censuses) labour force surveys
  are usually confined to a sample of households,
  the actual size of which depends primarily on the
  level of detail required in the survey estimates.

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(3) The Labour Force Survey

• Disability variable construction on current LFS
• variable working status,which has three outcomes
  (inactive, employed, and unemployed).
• Inactive due to own illness or disability was
  based on the Eurostat variable seeking employment
  during previous four weeks.
• If the respondent answered that he/she was not
  seeking work due to own illness or disability,
  the person was defined as disabled. Two
  additional response categories include seeking
  employment and not seeking employment due to
  other reasons.

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(3) The Labour Force Survey

• Specification of the 2002 LFS ad hoc moduleon
  employment of disabled people
• The ongoing review of the International
  Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and
  Handicaps (ICIDH2) defines disability as activity
  limitations in performing daily tasks, which
  include working, and such activities may be
  limited in their nature, duration and quality. In
  this context the module on disability focuses on
  restriction of activities rather than functional
  limitations.

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(3) The Labour Force Survey

• Type of health problem or disability (Code main
  problem)
• 1. Problems with arms or hands (which includes
  arthritis or rheumatism).
• 2. Problems with legs or feet (which includes
  arthritis or rheumatism)
• 3. Problems with back or neck (which includes
  arthritis or rheumatism).
• 4 Difficulty in seeing (with glasses or contact
  lenses if worn).
• 5. Difficulties in hearing (with hearing aids or
  grommets, if used.
• 6. Speech impediment.
• 7. Skin conditions, including severe
  disfigurement, allergies.
• 8. Chest or breathing problems, includes asthma
  and bronchitis.
• 9. Heart, blood pressure or circulation problems.
• 10. Stomach, liver, kidney or digestive problems.
• 11. Diabetes.
• 12. Epilepsy (include fits)
• 13. Mental, nervous or emotional problems
• 14 Other progressive illnesses (which include
  cancers NOS, MS, HIV, Parkinsons disease)

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(No Transcript)
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(4) The Eurobarometer Survey

• Twice a year the European Commission conducts the
  Eurobarometer survey in order to gather
  information on the attitudes of the population
  towards EU and its policy.
• Each year additional questions about specific
  subjects are appended to the questionnaire.
• A two- stage sampling method is used. In the
  first stage a random selection of sampling points
  within each region is made in such a way that
  urban and rural areas are represented
  proportionally. This selection results in 1 350
  sampling points. In the second stage interviews
  are distributed in this sampling points
• Because quota sampling dominated, non-response
  figures are not available.
• People who are rarely at home are less
  represented in the sample but the interview
  sample can be considered as representative for
  the category of average citizens who are
  accessible at home and who agree to be
  interviewed.

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(4) The Eurobarometer Survey

• 2 waves/year, Winter 2003 is wave 59
• Sample 1 000 per 15 MS, (D2 000, L600, UK1
  300) EU16 000
• ages gt15
• 95 confidence limits (estimates)
• N 1000 250 16000
• 50 3.1 6.2 0.8
• 40 or 60 3.0 6.0 0.8
• 30 or 70 2.7 5.4 0.7
• 20 or 80 2.5 5.0 0.6
• 10 or 90 1.9 3.8 0.5
• 3 or 97 1.0 2.0 0.3

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(5) Administrative registers related to the
social protection schemes

• Social protection encompasses all interventions
  from public or private bodies intended to relieve
  households and individuals of the burden of a
  defined set of risks or needs, provided that
  there is neither a simultaneous reciprocal nor
  an individual arrangement involved.
• The data on social protection expenditure and
  receipts for Member states of the EU are
  presented by Eurostat according to the European
  system of integrated social protection statistics
  (ESSPROS).
• This harmonised system provides a means to
  analyse and to compare the relevant financial
  flows.
• Expenditure on social protection schemes social
  benefits, administration costs, transfers to
  other schemes and other expenditure.
• Social benefits consist of transfers, in cash or
  in kind, by social protection schemes, to
  households or individuals to relieve them of the
  burden of risks or needs.
• Social benefits are classified by function (such
  as the disability function),

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(5) Administrative registers related to the
social protection schemes

• Disability function in ESSPROS is defined as
• Income maintenance and support in cash or kind
  (except health care) in connection of the
  inability of physically or mentally disabled
  people to engage in economic and social activity

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(5) Administrative registers related to the
social protection schemes
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(5) Administrative registers related to the
social protection schemes

• Benefits in kind (disability)
• Accommodation provision of lodging and possibly
  board to disabled people in appropriate
  establishments.
• Assistance in carrying out daily tasks practical
  help provided to disabled people to assist them
  with daily tasks. Home help is included in this
  category, as well as the payment of an allowance
  to the person who looks after the disabled
  person.
• Rehabilitation provision of specific goods and
  services (other than medical care) and vocational
  training to further the occupational and social
  rehabilitation of disabled people. These services
  may be provided in specialised institutions.
  Goods and services may be provided by an
  employer, but if they are mainly to service the
  production process of the enterprise, they should
  not be included. Medical rehabilitation - such as
  physiotherapy - is included in the
  Sickness/health care function.
• Other benefits in kind miscellaneous services
  and goods provided to disabled people to enable
  them to participate in leisure and cultural
  activities, or to travel and/or to participate in
  community life, including reduced prices,
  tariffs, fares, and so on granted to disabled
  people expressly for social protection reasons.

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Disability Trends Percentage of the population
reporting disability in EU (source ECHP 1999)
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Percentage of the population reporting severe and
moderate disability in 14 EU countries, age group
16 - 64, 1999
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Percentage of the population reporting severe and
moderate disability in 14 EU countries, age group
16 - 64, 1999 - Men
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Percentage of the population reporting severe and
moderate disability in 14 EU countries, age group
16 - 64, 1999 - Women
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Age specific percentages of reporting disability,
all levels combined, in the 14 EU countries, age
group 16 - 64, 1999
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Age structure of the populations reporting
severe, moderate and no disability, EU-14, 1999
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Probability of having achieved the third level of
education or less than the second level of
education as highest level for the population
with severe, moderate and no disability, ages 16
- 64, EU-14,1999
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Distribution of the population with severe,
moderate and no disability according to activity
status, age groups 16 - 64 and 25 - 59, EU-14,
1999
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Relative probability of being in work for those
with moderate or no disability compared to those
with a severe disability (base 1), by sex, age
groups 16 - 64 and 25 - 59, EU-14, 1999
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Percentage in work and inactive of the
populations with severe, moderate and no
disability, by age , EU-14, 1999
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Main reason for not seeking work for those
inactive among the populations with severe,
moderate and no disability, EU-14, age 16 - 64,
1999
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Percentage of persons who work less than 15
hours per week, between 15 and 30 hours per week,
and more than 30 hours per week (when working) in
the populations with severe, moderate and no
disability, by sex, EU-14, age 16 - 64, 1999
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Distribution of the populations with severe,
moderate and no disability (and in work)
according to sectors of activity, age 16 - 64,
EU-14, 1999
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Source of income of the populations with severe,
moderate and no disability at working age (16 -
64 years), EU-14, 1999
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Percentage of those receiving sickness or
disability benefits among the population groups
with severe, moderate and no disability at
working age (16 - 64 years), by country
(confidential information in Germany), 1999
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Percentage of those satisfied with their main
activity among the population groups with severe,
moderate and no disability, age 16 - 64, EU-14,
1999
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Own perception of health in the populations with
severe, moderate and no disability, EU-14, 1999
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The Labour Force Survey
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The Labour Force Survey
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Eurobarometer survey Persons suffering chronic
ilness, 2002
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Eurobarometer survey Income related incidence of
chronic ilness
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Eurobarometer survey limitations in daily life,
2002
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The Eurobarometer 54.2 survey, asked participants
about their attitudes towards disability in 2001

• Close to six Europeans out of ten know someone,
  in close or more distant circles, who is affected
  by a long lasting illness, disability or
  invalidity. More than 5 of EU citizens consider
  themselves as a disabled person.
• 76 of EU15 respondents think that the access
  for blind people to basic public equipment and
  events is difficult.
• 73 believe that it is too difficult for
  intellectually disabled people, 71 for the
  physically disabled, and 54 for deaf people.
  However 57 of respondents consider that the
  access to public spaces for people with
  disabilities has been improving in the course of
  the last 10 years.
• 66 of EU15 respondents consider that local
  authorities are the ones truly responsible for
  improving access to public spaces for people with
  disabilities. 55 think that it is the
  government, 30 employers companies and 28
  voluntary or charitable organisations. The
  European Union comes in 5th position with 16.
• 97 of EU15 respondents think that something
  should be done to ensure a better integration of
  people with disabilities into society. 93
  express the desire to dedicate more money to the
  removal of physical barriers that complicate the
  life of people with disabilities.

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The Eurobarometer 54.2 survey, asked
participants about their attitudes towards
disability in 2001 Percentage knowing somebody
with a a long lasting illness, disability or
invalidity
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The Eurobarometer 54.2 survey, asked
participants about their attitudes towards
disability in 2001 access to public spaces
Average (1 'not at all difficult', 2 'not very
difficult', 3 'fairly difficult', 4 'very
difficult')
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Attitudes of Europeans towards disability
knowledge of Europeans regarding disabilities,
EU-15, 2001
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ESPROSS Expenditure (social protection) in
disability functions (Euro per inhabitant, 1995
constant prices), 2000
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An international effort to improve quality on
disability statistics

• United Nations Washington City Group on
  Disability Statistics
• (www.cdc.gov/nchs/citygroup.htm)
• As a result of the United Nations International
  Seminar on Measurement of Disability (New York,
  June 2001) it was recognized that statistical and
  methodological work is needed at an international
  level in order to facilitate comparison of
  disability data crossnationally. For this reason
  the UN Statistics Division authorized the
  formation of a City Group.
• Next Meeting of the Washington City Group in
  Europe in the fall of 2003, in recognition of the
  European Year of People with Disabilities.
• This meeting has the following objectives

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An international effort to improve quality on
disability statistics

• to complete the matrix linking various purposes
  of disability measurement with question
  characteristics evaluation of measures currently
  in use and test results
• to explore and discuss the sets of measures
  related to the general measures with special
  attention for activity (limitations) vs.
  participation (restrictions) and environmental
  factors (ICF terms and concepts)
• to discuss the methodological areas like special
  populations (e.g. mental health problems) and use
  of administrative data (alone or in conjunction
  with census/survey data).
• European Disability Measurement (EDM) project
  (www.tno.nl)

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Thank youkæra þökk!

• Eurostat
• http//europa.eu.int/comm/eurostat/