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Shared Memory with Caches. Multiple copies of data may exist. Problem of cache coherence ... a signal/message immediately, copy information only when unavoidable ...
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good news: works for timesharing (better than supercomputer) ... SMP (symmetric multiprocessors) , aka UMA (uniform memory access multiprocessors) ...
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We have looked at various ways of increasing a single ... Chipset. Memory: centralized with Uniform Memory Access time ('uma') and bus interconnect, I/O ...
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Multiprocessors have the highest performance , it is higher than the fastest uni ... Advantage: amortize the instruction accesses, the latencies associated with chip ...
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Chapter 7 Multicores, Multiprocessors, and Clusters
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coarse grain tasks, decompose to obtain locality. Extra Work ... Fine-grain resource sharing. Uniform access via loads/stores ... fine-grain sharing ...
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Processors or their representatives can snoop (monitor) bus and take action on ... Design Space for Snooping Protocols. No need to change processor, main memory, ...
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Non-uniform connectivity. Anshul Kumar, CSE IITD. 13. Static Networks Topologies- contd. ... for finding queuing delay Tw. Anshul Kumar, CSE IITD. ...
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Core-Selectability in Chip-Multiprocessors Hashem H. Najaf-abadi Niket K. Choudhary Eric Rotenberg Dividing the Design A definition What this Talk is About How to ...
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Cooperative Caching for Chip Multiprocessors Jichuan Chang , Enric Herrero , Ramon Canal and Gurindar S. Sohi* HP Labs Universitat Polit cnica de Catalunya
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how processes refer to each other ... NI emulates memory controller at source. NI emulates processor at dest. must be deadlock free ...
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How do parallel processors share data? single address space. message passing. How do parallel processors coordinate? synchronization (locks, semaphores) ...
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To create powerful computers simply by connecting many existing ... http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/7997/hypercube.html. 10/7/09. Meng-Lai Yin / ECE425 ...
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Title: No Slide Title Author: Jaswinder Pal Singh Last modified by: mbolic Created Date: 5/31/1998 11:29:00 PM Document presentation format: On-screen Show (4:3)
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shared-memory multiprocessors (Sections 4.1-4.2) University of Utah Taxonomy SISD: ... vector architectures: lower flexibility MIMD: most multiprocessors today: ...
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Issues in Multiprocessors Which programming model for interprocessor communication shared memory regular loads & stores message passing explicit sends & receives
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Comparing Memory Systems for Chip Multiprocessors ... set associative In-order processors similar to Piranha RAW Ultrasparc T1 XBox360 512-Kbyte L2 Cache 16-way ...
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Snooping Solution (Snoopy Bus): Send all requests for data to all processors ... An Example Snoopy Protocol. Invalidation protocol, write-back cache ...
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A flower will dissolve a swan. Alpha (a standard scheme) determines the intensity of the flower ... pixel is 90% flower and 10% swan. 25. COMP381 by M. Hamdi ...
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Title: PowerPoint Presentation Author: Rajeev Balasubramonian Last modified by: Rajeev Balasubramonian Created Date: 9/20/2002 6:19:18 PM Document presentation format
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Chapter 7 Multicores ... software Devising appropriate architectures Many reasons for optimism ... Time 7.8 Introduction to Multiprocessor Network Topologies ...
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powerful high-level abstraction boils down to specific, simple low-level mechanisms ... Performance depends heavily on memory hierarchy. Managed by hardware ...
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Optimistic Intra-Transaction Parallelism on. Chip-Multiprocessors. Chris Colohan1, ... Transaction chopping (Shasha95) 14. Outline. Introduction. Related work ...
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Title: Hyperthreading Author: Neilin Chakrabarty Last modified by: Zoran Jovanovic Created Date: 4/3/2004 3:49:55 AM Document presentation format
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How best to exploit ... 'New' models: seek to offer a more transparent way of ... Time warp... As it turns out, Disco found a commercially ...
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8. Fault Tolerance in Software 8.1 Introduction Is it true that a program that has once performed a given task as specified will continue to do so?
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Disco: Running Commodity Operating Systems on Scalable Multiprocessors E. Bugnion, S Devine, and M Rosenblum Stanford University Presented by: Aaron J Beach
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Snoopy Protocols these are for bus ... Definition of Snoopy Protocol. ECE, ... Snoopy protocol. set of states. state-transition diagram ...
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Programming models: Each processor has only local variables. ... Mesh, Tori , K-ary n-cube. Hypercube. Multi-stage networks (cross-bars and Omega networks) ...
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Introduction to Multiprocessors Adopted from Professor David Patterson Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California, Berkeley
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Exploiting Fine-Grained Data Parallelism with Chip Multiprocessors and Fast Barriers Jack Sampson*, Rub n Gonz lez , Jean-Francois Collard , Norman P. Jouppi ...
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We have looked at various ways of increasing a single processor ... Lockstep. All Ps do the same or nothing. 29. COMP381 by M. Hamdi. MIMD Shared Memory Systems ...
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Lecture 19: Shared-Memory Multiprocessors Topics: coherence protocols for symmetric shared-memory multiprocessors (Sections 4.1-4.2) *
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A program partitions the work into (user-level) threads to expose all of the parallelism. A computation may create millions of threads. ...
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Integrating Memory Compression and Decompression with Coherence Protocols in DSM Multiprocessors Lakshmana R Vittanala Mainak Chaudhuri Intel IIT Kanpur
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Using every possible technique to speedup single-processor systems... Processors run the same program, but don't have to stay in lockstep. 8/19/09. 6 ...
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Bus Snoopy Cache Coherence protocols ... An Example Snoopy Protocol (MSI) Invalidation protocol, write-back cache ... Similar to snoopy protocol: three states ...
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5. Basic Approaches to Achieve Fault Tolerance in Multiprocessors 5.1 Static, or Masking Redundancy N copies of each processor are used and the minimum degree of ...
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Miss penalty 40 cycles for all misses ... huge miss penalty, thus pages should be fairly large (e.g., 4KB) ... Incredible high penalty for a page fault ...
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Memory consistency models (Section 6.8) Parallel Programming Example ... main(argc, argv) int argc; char *argv; Read(A); Read(B) ...
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Protocol: arbitration, command/addr, data. Every device observes every transaction ... gets a hit in L2 cache, then it must arbitrate for the L1 cache to update the ...
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Title: EECS 252 Graduate Computer Architecture Lec 01 - Introduction Last modified by: Costas Created Date: 1/12/2005 3:15:41 PM Document presentation format
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Commercial workloads will not benefit much from OOO / wide-issue ... ROB, instruction window, and # functional units halved for 2-wide processor. Results ...
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... single data stream systolic arrays example: ... most processor companies have MP configurations CM-1 Systolic Array MIMD Low-end bus-based simple, ...
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Title: EECS 252 Graduate Computer Architecture Lec 01 - Introduction Last modified by: mudawar Created Date: 1/12/2005 3:15:41 PM Document presentation format
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creator can wait for children. pthread_join(child_tid) synchronization. mutex. condition variables ... Memory Layout. MT program has a per-thread stack ...
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Cache Coherence Protocols in Shared Memory Multiprocessors Mehmet envar Outline Introduction Background Information The cache coherence problem Cahce Enforcement ...
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Bus is single point of arbitration. 9/25/09. UAH-CPE 631. 22. Write Invalidate versus Update ... Arbitrate for bus. Place miss on bus and complete operation ...
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Processors share a single address space ... UMA vs. NUMA ... Non-uniform memory access (NUMA): some memory accesses are faster than others ...
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Snooping Cache Multiprocessors Dr. Gheith Abandah Adapted from the s of Prof. David Patterson, University of California, Berkeley CS252 S05 * CS252 S05 * Invalid ...
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after write issues, the issuing process waits for the write to complete before ... p0 waits for it to be zero, then does work and sets it one ...
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watchdog timer anticipates wake-up. The Thrifty Barrier Li, Mart nez, and Huang ... states along lines of Pentium family. The Thrifty Barrier Li, Mart nez, ...
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Directory Based Multiprocessors Dr. Gheith Abandah Adapted from the s of Prof. David Patterson, University of California, Berkeley CS252 S05 * CS252 S05 * CS252 ...
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Optimal time-critical scheduling via resource ... (Ik 1 Qk 1) is Iq for some q k. By IH, EDF on m (1 - 2/m)-speed procs meets all deadlines for Iq ...
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Message type Source Destination Msg Content. Read miss Local cache ... repeatedly reading the variable; when it changes, then try exchange ('test and test&set' ...
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Event-Driven Scalability Predictors: Improving Energy-Efficiency under Hard Performance Constraints on Multiprocessors Dimitris Nikolopoulos
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