OPEN DOOR NOTES AND BOXER REBELLIONBOXER WAR - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Title: OPEN DOOR NOTES AND BOXER REBELLIONBOXER WAR


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OPEN DOOR NOTES AND BOXER REBELLION/BOXER WAR
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Major points

• The Great Qing (Ching) a multi-ethnic empire
• The trade at Guangzhou (Canton)
• Silver in, Chinese goods out
• Terms of trade, restrictions
• Macartney Mission
• Opium trade
• Opium War 1839-1842
• Treaty of Nanjing (Nanking)Unequal Treaties
• Concept of national humiliation or century of
  shame

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The Treaty of Tianjin (Tientsin) http//web.jj
ay.cuny.edu/jobrien/reference/ob27.html
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The U.S. as a Power in East Asia

• William Seward, Secretary of State 1861
• Civil War China policy
• Supporting the Manchu Qing (Ching) government
• Chinese foreign policy Burlingame Mission
  (1867-68)
• Burlingame Treaty, 1868

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Burlingame Treaty Main Points

• protected commerce conducted in Chinese ports and
  cities, and established the right of China to
  appoint consuls to American port cities.

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Burlingame Treaty Main Points

• both countries recognize "the inherent and
  inalienable right of man to change his home and
  allegiance, and also the mutual advantage of the
  free migration and emigration of their citizens
  and subjects, respectively for purposes of
  curiosity, of trade, or as permanent residents."

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Burlingame Treaty Main Points

• "Chinese subjects visiting or residing in the
  United States, shall enjoy the same privileges,
  immunities, and exemptions in respect to travel
  or residence, as may there be enjoyed by the
  citizens or subjects of the most favored nation."

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Burlingame Treaty Main Points

• the U.S. recognized that the decision to begin
  new construction projects or similar improvements
  belonged in the hands of the local government,
  not foreign powers or their representatives.
• Chinese Exclusion Act, 1882
• http//www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/chinex.htm

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Sino-Japanese War, 1894-95

• Issue dominant role in Korea
• American attitude
• Pro-Japanese
• Modernization of China is in American interest
• a good thrashing will not hurt China in the
  least. . . . It is the only tonic which seems to
  suit her.
• --William Rockhill, Department of State China
  affairs expert

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American Policy in Asia, 1890s

• Panic of 1893, depression
• Focus on foreign markets as solution
• American Asiatic Association 1898
• Spanish-American War
• George Dewey and destruction of Spanish fleet in
  Philippines
• Decision to make Philippines a U.S. colony
• The White Mans Burden
• http//www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/Kipling.html

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Open Door Policy

• Post Sino-Japanese War scramble for concessions
• U.S. interest preserve Chinas existence as a
  nation
• Importance of trade and the Imperial Maritime
  Customs Service
• First Open Door Notes, 1899

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Boxer Uprising/Boxer War 1899-1900

• Origins of the Boxer Uprising
• The Boxer Uprising
• The Boxer War, 1900
• American role in the Boxer War

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Missionaries and the Treaty System

• Idealism of American missionaries
• Missionaries and the Treaty System
• Missionary attitudes toward status quo in China
• Secretary of State Richard Olney, 1895 need to
  leave no doubt in the mind of the Chinese
  government or people in the interior that the
  United States is an effective force for securing
  due rights for Americans resident in China.

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The Boxer Protocol http//web.jjay.cuny.edu/job
rien/reference/ob26.html
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American role

• Working with Chinese officials to limit scope of
  war
• Participation in 8-Nation Army
• Opposed further dismemberment of China
• But would have participated in dismemberment if
  other nations had wanted to do so