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TREE FROG. internal skeleton. no wings. 4 legs. no hair or feathers 'cold-blooded' OPOSSUM ... to front legs. of frogs and. opossum. and NOT to. wings of. bee ...
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Some synapomorphies of amniota Slide 23 Slide 24 Synapormorphies of extant Reptilia Slide 26 Anapsids: Testudines (Chelonia) Diapsids Slide 29 Slide 30 ...
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... (higher spiny fishes) -Most diverse and diverse fishes 13500 spp. 251 families ACANTHOPTERYGII ACANTHOPTERYGII Series PERCOMORPHA Synapomorphy: ...
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The parade of the Craniates Part 1 Major synapomorphies of the Craniates Developmental Neural crest Neurogenic placodes Nervous System Above Braincase (skeletal ...
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Archaean plesiomorphies and synapomorphies. cell wall and membrane chemically distinct ... Go here for a look at the differences between archaean ...
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Main synapomorphy: a series of membranous sacs or alveoli underneath cell ... http://www.geo.ucalgary.ca/~macrae/palynology/dinoflagellates/theca.gif. Ciliates ...
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Gibbon (hylobatidae) Orangutan (pongo) Gorilla. Man. Chimpanzee ... Gibbon (hylobatidae) Gorilla. D. C. B. A. Synapomorphies (f lles erhvervede karaktertr k) ...
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0 reconstructing evolutionary trees
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Morphology and Evolution Consider how these organisms are related. 2. Working in groups of two or three, arrange the images you were given.
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Brachiosaurus brancai
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What Do You Need to Root the Network? You need an outgroup. Outgroups are assumed to have separated from the ingroup lineage before the ingroup diversified; i.e., the ...
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Title: Classifications anciennes et modernes Author: BIOSIMUL Last modified by: BIOSIMUL Created Date: 1/30/2006 9:48:17 AM Document presentation format
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Phylogenetic terms and concepts Phylogeny 1. Defined 2. Phylogeny vs. tokogeny 3. Clade and monophyletic group 4. Sister group III. Sources of variation for ...
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Today s Objectives TSW be able to recite the levels of taxonomic hierarchy. TSW be able to name the six kingdoms TSW be able to identify systematics types.
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Taxonomy & Phylogeny Introduction Classification Phylogeny Cladograms Quiz Which of the following cladograms incorrectly illustrates sister groups? Question 12 Sorry!
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The Chordata Chapter 34
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To reconstruct the phylogenetic history of taxa. To recreate the true branching pattern of evolution. To understand the evolutionary relationships between taxa ...
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Phylogeny and Systematics Cladistics Analysis of phylogenetic relationships based on shared characters Characters may be primitive or derived Clade = Group of species ...
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... Gas bladder that connects with the ear Most abundant fishes in the world ... eel Elver Yellow eel Silver eel CATADROMOUS Migration Division TELEOSTEI ...
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The genus Linanthus has a variety of breeding ... concepts in biology is that all life is connected through evolutionary history. The Tree of Life ...
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Patterns in Evolution I. Phylogenetic II. Morphological III. Historical (later) IV. Biogeographical The only trait we did not define was an autapomorphy - this is a ...
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Pinaceae Pinus Picea Larix Abies Tsuga Cupressaceae Thuja Juniperus Taxaceae Taxus Pinaceae Pinus Picea Larix Abies Tsuga Cupressaceae Thuja Juniperus Taxaceae Taxus ...
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are groups which contain ALL the descendents of a common. ancestor. ... for it does not contain ALL the descendents of a single. common ancestor. It is PARAPHYLETIC. ...
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Example of a phylogeny: 10,000 bp sequence in a globin pseudogene ... Cnemidophorus hyperythrus and C. ceralbensis (Squamata: Teiidae) In Baja California, Mexico. ...
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We have focused on how alleles change within populations ... Character states are the different forms of that character (fin, arm, wing) ...
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introduction to zoology; evolution & classification review
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Today's Objectives. TSW be able to recite the levels of ... Homologies result from common ancestry. Analogies result from common evolutionary pressures ...
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Tree Building What is a tree ? Cladograms Trees Scenario How to build a tree ? Observations First Principles Assumptions Methods What is a tree ? Cladograms and Trees ...
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Phylogenetic trees. Cladistic versus phenetic analyses. Model of sequence evolution ... Branch length (scaled trees only): represents the number of changes that have ...
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Week 5 lab: Bryo-f*cking-phytes : Liverworts - Marchantia - Riccia - Porella Hornworts - Anthoceros Mosses - Mnium - Polytrichum - Assorted Fresh Material
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1) A TREE IS A HYPOTHESIS OF HOW TAXA ARE RELATED TO EACH OTHER, IT DOES NOT ... Give an example of a polyphyletic group? Which species is more closely related to E? ...
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Examples: e.g., chimpanzees and humans share a common ancestor that lived ... Macrolepiota procera : tasty. Lepiota cristata : highly poisonous. Classification ...
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Haeckel's (1886) biogenetic 'law' : 'ontogeny ... same info from outgroup analysis : rhinos & tapirs. But... Litopterna. Extinct horse-like mammals: ...
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Why Darwin? Crustacea Copenhagen Why Darwin? 1859: The origin of species Crustacea Copenhagen 1851. A monograph on the sub-class Cirripedia, with figures of all ...
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Rodents and rabbits. Primates. Sharks and rays. Crocodiles and ... Review. Plesio = near (the beginning) primitive. Apo = away (from the beginning) or derived ...
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Elasmobranchs - sharks (360 species in two major groups), skates and rays (450 species) ... Sharks as predators: locate prey in a geographic sense. detect prey ...
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Knowledge Based Phylogenetic Classification Mining ... The goal of phylogenetic classification is to construct cladograms following Hennig principles. ...
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Only contains those monophyletic groups that are common to all competing trees ... Contains monophyletic groups that occur in a majority of the competing trees. ...
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Crinoidea (sea lilies) Asteroidea (starfishes) Ophiuroidea (brittle stars) Echinoidea (sea urchins) Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers) ...
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http://simulium .bio.uottawa .ca : cours de zoologie de A. Martin : structures et ... anatomiques (squelettiques), physiologiques et embryologiques. ...
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Title: Phylogeny and Systematics Author: Nancy Wheat Last modified by: NANCY WHEAT Created Date: 2/11/2006 3:37:02 AM Document presentation format
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Based trees upon total weight of ALL shared, derived characters. Phylogenetic terms ... Most parsimonious placement = one gain of pulley-shaped astralagus ...
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Hypothetical evolutionary reduction of secondary plastids. to give appearance ... (cyanelles) retains aspects of the endosymbiont (unique w/euglyphid amoeba) ...
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Topic : Phylogenetic Reconstruction I. Systematics = Science of biological diversity. Systematics uses taxonomy to reflect phylogeny (evolutionary history).
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Cladistics and Molecular Systematics. Depicting evolutionary changes. Homology. Homoplasy ... Characters for Cladistics. Qualitative presence / absence ...
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Big Bang 13.7-13.8 billion years ago Life arose 3.5 billion years ago Anaerobic versus aerobic bacteria, fermentation, respiration Photosynthetic prokaryotes, origin ...
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Question 2 Which example of binomial nomenclature is formatted correctly? Homo sapiens homo sapiens Homo Sapiens Homo Sapiens It doesn t matter, ...
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Monophyletic Paraphyletic Polyphyletic None of the above Question 10 Sorry! That is incorrect. Try again! Question 10 Congratulations! You are correct!
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'What's the use of their having names,' the Gnat said, 'if they don't answer to them? ... In the 1700s a Swedish physician and biologist, Carolus Linnaeus, refined ...
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Different species can be linked to common ancestors (branching) ... Intergradation of form & localized distribution. Examples of Gal pagos' mockingbirds ...
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Because we do not have direct knowledge of evolutionary history, every ... Odd-toed ungulates (Perissodactyla [horses, rhinos]) are the outgroup. 24 ...
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ecology interactions of animals w/ each other & their physical environments ... hypothesis / set of hypotheses that provide a powerful explanation for a variety of ...
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Classifications anciennes et modernes. Licence de Biologie, LSV3. Botanique Syst matique ... Classification simplifi e du ' r gne ' v g tal (ancienne conception) ...
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Molecular Phylogenetics Dan Graur * * Maximize the probability of observing the data of aligned sequences conditional on a particular tree structure by trying all ...
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Cell unite into tissues that perform functions - jellyfish. Organ ... Typical among the Radiata (hydra and jellyfish) along with sea urchins and starfish ...
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Gastrulation cont.
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