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TinGlazed Earthenware
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Nicol da Urbino (probably Nicola di Bagriele Sbarage) (Italian, active from ca. ... from this service is also in the Robert Lehman Collection. Talavera tile ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation
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Title: TinGlazed Earthenware
1
Tin-Glazed Earthenware
- First created in 9th century Baghdad
- Popular designs included Arabic lettering,
geometric designs and animals - Islam art carried into Moorish Spain then
Portugal and Italy - Renaissance Italy took tin-glazed earthenware and
lustreware ideas and created Majolica (from the
word Majorca, Spain) and brought it to the
recognized art form we are most familiar with
today
2
Nishapur pottery
- Islam was a defining force in the daily lives of
people of the region, and likewise had an effect
on the arts as well. Following strictly the
dictate that 'thou shalt not create any graven
images,' Islamic artists were prohibited from the
depiction of figures of people or animals in art.
Instead the art of Islam abounds with floral
motifs and intricate geometry and arabesques. - The earliest, written, cursive form of Arabic is
known as Kufic, and the bold, flowing script can
be seen used as a border on this bowl from
Nishapur, and reads 'Planning before work
protects you from regret.' Inscriptions found on
Islamic ceramics are usually of this type, benign
admonishments toward leading a good life, and
never include historical information.
3
Islam Tin-Glazed Earthenware pre-cursor to
Italian Majolica
- When Islamic potters discovered more effective
techniques for decorating their work, they were
able to become more creative. They took existing
design elements, like geometric patterns, and
extended and compounded them. They transformed
plant and flower forms into the intricate,
flowing patterns of the Islamic arabesque. They
flattened or stylized or idealized figural
representation. And out of their own culture they
invented something that had not existed before
calligraphy as the sole decoration on a surface,
which they carried to inspired heights. - These four basic design types - geometric,
arabesque, calligraphic and figural
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Arabesque
- Tile with arabesque decoration, early 15th
century OttomanAnatolia (Bursa)Carved,
glaze-painted, and gilded earthenware H. 11 1/2
in. (29 cm), W. 6 3/4 in. (17.2 cm)Purchase,
Friends of Islamic Art Gifts, 1998
(1998.246)This tile matches a border frieze
adorning the portal of the tomb of Sultan Mehmed
I (r. 140321) in Bursa, where monuments were
badly damaged in an 1855 earthquake. It has a
deeply carved pattern of lattices formed by pairs
of undulating vine scrolls that meet at regular
intervals along the centerline. The interlacing
of the arabesque lattices is complex, but clarity
is achieved through the use of different colored
glazes. The tile predates the period, later in
the fifteenth century, of widespread Chinese
influence on Ottoman Turkish ceramics. In its
deep relief and choice of colors, it exhibits
similarities to tiles of Timurid Central Asia
dating from the late fourteenth century, a
resemblance probably explained by the documented
presence of Persian tileworkers in Bursa at that
time.
5
Arabesque
- The geometric designs on some early Nishapur
pottery may look a little crude by contemporary
standards. But the patterns contain intricacies
and bold juxtapositions that clearly fed the High
Renaissance Italian imagination and influenced
the way we design today. Another Islamic design,
arabesques (a rabeschi, as the Italian majolica
potters called the style), almost undoubtedly was
developed out of an extension of Greco-Roman
plant and flower motifs. Arabesques are patterns
based on flowing, rhythmic and often interlaced
alternations and oppositions of leaf, stem and
blossom. So intriguing is this type of design
that it has shown up over time and in many places
on everything from ceramics to carpets to
architectural detail.
6
Apothecary jar, 1431? Florence
- Crane with leaf foliage
- Influenced by Hispano-Moresque prototypes
- Thought to belong to the pharmacy of the
Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Florence's oldest
and most distinguished hospital.
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Pharmacy jar
- Late 15th century, Italian
- This jar is of a form used in pharmacies to store
dry drugs. It probably comes from the Royal
Pharmacy of the Castelnuovo at Naples. The
portrait of a man painted on the jar strongly
resembles Charles VIII of France, who entered
Naples in triumph in 1495
8
Armorial Plate (Tondino), ca. 152025
- Nicolò da Urbino (probably Nicola di Bagriele
Sbarage) (Italian, active from ca. 1520, died
1537/38)This plate is one of twenty-one
surviving pieces of the most famous and elaborate
maiolica service of the Renaissance, painted for
Isabella d'Este, marchioness of Mantua, by Nicolò
da Urbino, the most celebrated maiolica painter
of his generation. The center of this dish shows
Isabella's coat of arms surrounded by three of
her personal emblems a musical scroll, a
candelabrum with one lit candle, and a bunch of
lottery tickets. On the rim is a portrayal of the
musical contest between Apollo and Pan judged by
King Midas, a subject recounted in Ovid's
Metamorphoses. The subtle draftsmanship,
coloring, and delicate execution of the expansive
landscape setting reveal the artist's consummate
skill. Another piece from this service is also in
the Robert Lehman Collection.
9
Talavera tile
- Created in Spain, usually on Terra Cotta clay
body - Designs based on mathematical principles
- Often four tiles made up one design
10
Mexican tiles
- Symmetric vines design
- Rounded diamond
- Blue Clavel
- Talavereado
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Antique Spanish Granadino Fuente Charger
- A superb (large) early to mid 19th century
Spanish "Granadino" fuente charger.This classic
blue and white Spanish charger features a large
standing bird surrounded by foliage and swirling
ring borders. Beautiful deep cobalt glaze over a
milky white slip. The small bowl is shown for
scale only and is not part of this listing.
Dimensions 15.5 inches diameter
12
Process
- http//www.italianmajolica.com/majolica/making.htm
l
13
Italian Maiolica today
- http//www.ceramicadirect.com/Italian-ceramic-pott
ery/ProductList.asp?CategoryNameFortheCollector
CategoryId46
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