Burning Alcohols the calculations

1
17/11/2009
Burning Alcohols the calculations

• L.O.
• I can calculate the energy transferred (J) and
  the energy output (J/g) by recalling and using
  the formula required.

218 PM
2
Method

• To make it a fair test we
• used the same volume of water (10cm3).
• kept the distance between the burner and the
  flame the same.
• used the same start temperature of water.
• Draw the diagram of your equipment onto the
  practical sheet

3

• First step is to calculate the temperature
  difference from your experiments last lesson.
• Temp difference End temp start temp
• Then calculate the weight difference.
• Weight diff Start weight end weight.
• Transfer these figures to the calculations sheet.
  You can now use these figures to calculate the
  energy released by the fuel.
• Get a set of results for the alcohol you did not
  get round to testing.

4
Results make sure you record at start!

5

• We can calculate the energy transferred by the
  formula
• Energy mass
  temperature
• Transferred of water x 4.2 x
  difference
• (J) (g) (J/g0C)
  (0C)
• (specific
  heat
• 
  capacity of water)
• The specific heat capacity of water is ALWAYS 4.2
  J/g0C Conveniently 1cm3 of water 1g.

6

• We can calculate the energy transferred by the
  formula
• Energy mass
  temperature
• Transferred of water x 4.2 x
  difference
• (J) (g) (J/g0C)
  (0C)
• (specific
  heat
• 
  capacity of water)
• How much water did you use? 10cm3 or 50cm3
• What is the weight of 10cm3 of water? 10g
• What is the weight of 50cm3 of water? 50g
• Calculate the energy transferred for each of the
  alcohols tested.

7

• We can calculate the energy output of a fuel in
  J/g by the formula
• Energy Energy transferred (J)
• per gram mass of fuel burnt (g)
• (J/g)

8

• To calculate the average energy output of each
• alcohol in J/g add the 3 numbers together and
  divide
• by 3.
• Tell the teacher your calculated average energy
• produced per gram for each alcohol.
• Conclusion
• What did you find as a class?
• Which alcohol released the most energy?
• How many carbons does ethanol and hexanol have?

9
Welcome to Who Wants to be a Millionaire In
backs of books list the numbers 1 to 15 and tick
off the questions you get correct.
5050
15
1 Million
14
500,000
13
250,000
12
125,000
11
64,000
10
32,000
9
16,000
8
8,000
7
4,000
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2,000
5
1,000
4
500
3
300
2
200
1
100
10
1 Million
15
14
500,000
13
250,000
12
125,000
11
64,000
10
32,000
9
16,000
8
8,000
7
4,000
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2,000
5
1,000
4
500
3
300
2
200
1
100
11
15
1 Million
14
500,000
13
250,000
A hydrocarbon is made up of which two elements?
12
125,000
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A Carbon and Carbon
B Carbon and Hydrogen
C Hydrogen and copper
D hydrogen and helium
12
15
1 Million
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500,000
13
250,000
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125,000
11
64,000
10
32,000
9
16,000
8
8,000
7
4,000
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2,000
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1,000
4
500
3
300
2
200
1
100
13
15
1 Million
14
500,000
13
250,000
12
125,000
What is the gas given off from heating
bicarbonate powder?
11
64,000
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4,000
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A oxygen
B ammonia
C hydrogen
D carbon dioxide
14
15
1 Million
14
500,000
13
250,000
12
125,000
11
64,000
10
32,000
9
16,000
8
8,000
7
4,000
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2,000
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1,000
4
500
3
300
2
200
1
100
15
15
1 Million
14
500,000
13
250,000
12
125,000
Which of the following is NOT a food additive?
11
64,000
10
32,000
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16,000
8
8,000
7
4,000
6
2,000
5
1,000
4
500
3
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2
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1
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B tartrazine
A microorganism
C emulsifier
D anti-oxidant
16
15
1 Million
14
500,000
13
250,000
12
125,000
11
64,000
10
32,000
9
16,000
8
8,000
7
4,000
6
2,000
5
1,000
4
500
3
300
2
200
1
100
17
15
1 Million
14
500,000
Polythene, polypropene, and polysterene are all
types of ..
13
250,000
12
125,000
11
64,000
10
32,000
9
16,000
8
8,000
7
4,000
6
2,000
5
1,000
4
500
3
300
2
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A plastics
B acids
C fuels
D metals
18
1 Million
15
500,000
14
250,000
13
125,000
12
64,000
11
32,000
10
16,000
9
8,000
8
4,000
7
2,000
6
1,000
5
500
4
300
3
200
2
100
1
19
15
1 Million
14
500,000
Incomplete combustion can happen when there is a
shortage of..
13
250,000
12
125,000
11
64,000
10
32,000
9
16,000
8
8,000
7
4,000
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2,000
5
1,000
4
500
3
300
2
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5050
1
100
A Carbon dioxide
B fuel
C oxygen
D carbon monoxide
20
Congratulations!
Congratulations!
Congratulations!
Youve Reached
the 1,000
Milestone!
21
15
1 Million
14
500,000
13
250,000
12
125,000
11
64,000
10
32,000
9
16,000
8
8,000
7
4,000
6
2,000
5
1,000
4
500
3
300
2
200
1
100
22
15
1 Million
14
500,000
Polystyrene is used to make.
13
250,000
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A Rope
B hot food containers
C fishing weights
D cooking pans
23
15
1 Million
14
500,000
13
250,000
12
125,000
11
64,000
10
32,000
9
16,000
8
8,000
7
4,000
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2,000
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1,000
4
500
3
300
2
200
1
100
24
15
1 Million
Crude oil is formed from long term effects of
temperature and pressure on
14
500,000
13
250,000
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125,000
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64,000
10
32,000
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16,000
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8,000
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4,000
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2,000
5
1,000
4
500
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300
2
200
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1
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A trees
B natural gas
D marine deposits
C coal
25
15
1 Million
14
500,000
13
250,000
12
125,000
11
64,000
10
32,000
9
16,000
8
8,000
7
4,000
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2,000
5
1,000
4
500
3
300
2
200
1
100
26
15
1 Million
14
Crude oil is a mixture of substances. Most of
these substances are
500,000
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250,000
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125,000
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64,000
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16,000
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8,000
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4,000
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2,000
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1,000
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500
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A hydrocarbons
B carbohydrates
C hydric carbonates
D hydrogen carbides
27
15
1 Million
14
500,000
13
250,000
12
125,000
11
64,000
10
32,000
9
16,000
8
8,000
7
4,000
6
2,000
5
1,000
4
500
3
300
2
200
1
100
28
15
1 Million
Bitumen is a product of crude oil, which of the
following correctly describes its use
14
500,000
13
250,000
12
125,000
11
64,000
10
32,000
9
16,000
8
8,000
7
4,000
6
2,000
5
1,000
4
500
3
300
2
200
5050
1
100
B cooking gas
A motorcycle tyres
D aircraft fuel
C road surfacing
29
15
1 Million
14
500,000
13
250,000
12
125,000
11
64,000
10
32,000
9
16,000
8
8,000
7
4,000
6
2,000
5
1,000
4
500
3
300
2
200
1
100
30
15
1 Million
14
500,000
13
250,000
12
125,000
Which of the following is a hydrocarbon?
11
64,000
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32,000
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16,000
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8,000
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4,000
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2,000
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1,000
4
500
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1
100
A CH4
B CH3COOH
C C2H5OH
D CO2
31
Congratulations!
Congratulations!
Congratulations!
Youve Reached
the 32,000
Milestone!
32
15
1 Million
14
500,000
13
250,000
12
125,000
11
64,000
10
32,000
9
16,000
8
8,000
7
4,000
6
2,000
5
1,000
4
500
3
300
2
200
1
100
33
15
1 Million
The structure of an alkene is shown H H C
C H H What is its name?
14
500,000
13
250,000
12
125,000
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64,000
10
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8,000
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4,000
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2,000
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1,000
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500
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2
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A methane
B ethene
C butene
D ethane
34
15
1 Million
14
500,000
13
250,000
12
125,000
11
64,000
10
32,000
9
16,000
8
8,000
7
4,000
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2,000
5
1,000
4
500
3
300
2
200
1
100
35
15
1 Million
14
500,000
13
250,000
12
125,000
11
64,000
An alkene is always made in which process?
10
32,000
9
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8,000
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4,000
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2,000
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1,000
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500
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B distillation
A polymerisation
D addition
C cracking
36
15
1 Million
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500,000
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250,000
12
125,000
11
64,000
10
32,000
9
16,000
8
8,000
7
4,000
6
2,000
5
1,000
4
500
3
300
2
200
1
100
37
15
1 Million
14
500,000
What name is given to the process leading to the
formation of plastics
13
250,000
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A Cracking
B Monomer
C Neutralisation
D Polymerisation
38
15
1 Million
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500,000
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250,000
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125,000
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64,000
10
32,000
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16,000
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8,000
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4,000
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2,000
5
1,000
4
500
3
300
2
200
1
100
39
15
1 Million
14
500,000
In fractional distillation the fractions higher
up the column will be.
13
250,000
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125,000
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64,000
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32,000
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8,000
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4,000
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2,000
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B hotter with a longer chain
A cooler with a shorter chain
D hotter with a shorter chain
C cooler with a longer chain
40
15
1 Million
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500,000
13
250,000
12
125,000
11
64,000
10
32,000
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16,000
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8,000
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4,000
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2,000
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1,000
4
500
3
300
2
200
1
100
41
15
1 Million
14
500,000
Which of the following cannot be used as a
monomer to make an addition polymer?
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250,000
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125,000
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64,000
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32,000
9
16,000
8
8,000
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4,000
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2,000
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500
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A chloropropane
B ethene
C propene
D chloroethene
42
YOU WIN 1 MILLION POUNDS!
43

• Which of the following is an endothermic process?
• Burning wood
• Reacting an acid and alkali
• Reacting magnesium with acid
• Dissolving ammonium nitrate in water

44
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