The Civil War Amendments

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Reconstruction and the Failures of a President

• The Civil War Amendments
• and
• The Impeachment of Andrew Johnson

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Jefferson Davis REPLACED!!!!

• Key Political Issues

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13th Amendment
(The above link will bring up the actual text of
the 13th Amendment.)

• The 13th Amendment was passed in December 1865.
  It was the first in a series of 3 Civil War
  Amendments that were passed following the end of
  the war. This amendment has its origin in the
  Emancipation Proclamation when Lincoln declared
  that all men shall be free. Therefore 13th
  formally abolished slavery and any form of
  involuntary servitude within the United States,
  except if a person has been convicted of a crime
  and sentenced to service. This amendment failed
  to gain the required 2/3 vote in the House of
  Representative and was hence forwarded on to the
  states themselves for ratification. Only
  Mississippi refused to ratify the 13th Amendment,
  but Johnson still readmitted them to the union.

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Provisions of the 13th Amendment

• Formally abolishes slavery
• Formally abolishes any form of involuntary
  servitude
• EXCEPTION A person can only serve involuntarily
  IF they are convicted of a crime by a United
  States court.

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Johnson and the Freedman's Bureau

• The Freedman's Bureau had been created to help
  ex-slaves after the war.
• This cartoon depicts Johnsons veto of the
  Freedmans Bureau

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"Andy Goes Home"
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Enfranchise -- Disenfranchise???
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• Seward v. Johnson

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Similar to the former Slave Codes
Black Codes

• The Black Codes were passed in 1865 and deprived
  former slaves of their rights to hold meetings
  (unless whites were present), travel without
  permits, own guns, inter-marry with white
  citizens and were an attempt to prevent their
  economic self-improvement.

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14th Amendment

• In 1866 Congress overrode Johnsons veto of the
  Civil Rights Act, that declared that everyone
  born in the U.S. was a citizen with full civil
  rights. This act was an effort to overturn
  discriminatory laws and the 1857 decision in Dred
  Scott v. the United States, that declared blacks
  were NOT citizens. Passed in June 1866 (ratified
  July 1868), the 14th Amendment extended equal
  citizenship to African Americans and all people
  born or naturalized in the United States.

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Provisions of the 14th Amendment

• Equal citizenship to all born or naturalized in
  the United States
• States cannot deprive anyone of life, liberty or
  property without Due Process of law.
• Promised all citizens Equal Protection under
  the law.
• EXCLUDED suffrage.

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GOAL following Passage....

• The purpose that brought the fourteenth
  amendment into being was equality before the law,
  and equality, not separation, was written into
  the law. Robert Bork

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• Effects seen from the..
• 14th Amendment
• THINK ABOUT IT
• What is the first thing you feel when you are
  done being grounded?

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Passage of the Civil Rights Bill -1866
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Back in Time....
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Landmark Cases of the.......
14th Amendment

• Brown v. Board of Education
• Plessy v. Ferguson

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20th Century Civil Rights Movement

• JIM CROW LAWS laws that established and enforced
  racial segregation. (following the 1896 Supreme
  Court ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson

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• JIM CROW
• Originated 1830 when a white minstrel blackened
  his face mocking African Americans. He danced a
  crazy jig to the song Jump Jim Crow

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The Progression of Segregation and Racism
Notice it's happening in Philly, PA
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What responsibility does the Federal government
have here?
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D.W. Griffith
"The Birth of a Nation"

• "The Birth of a Nation" VIDEO more
  info.....

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15th Amendment

• The right of citizens of the United States to
  vote shall not be abridged by the United States
  or by any state on account of race, color, or
  previous condition of Servitude.
• Passed in 1869 the 15th Amendment guaranteed all
  citizens of the United States the right to vote.
  The amendment did NOT give African Americans the
  right to hold office and it did not prevent
  states from limiting voting rights through
  measures such as literacy tests, grandfather
  clauses or poll taxes. The 15th also did not
  extend the right to vote to women or Native
  Americans.

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• An artists rendering of a Freedmans first
  experience voting.
• THINK ABOUT IT
• Imagine that you are an immigrant and have just
  gained citizenship to the U.S. describe the
  feelings you have as you vote for the first time.

"The First Vote"
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• VOTING in NJ Mundy Peterson of Perth Amboy, NJ
  was the first African American to vote in a
  national election in 1870

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15th - 1869-1870
Voting Rights Act Renewal 2006
Connections to TODAY!!
Voting Rights Act 1965
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Powers of Congress to enforce the 13th, 14th,
and 15th Amendments
DEBATE

• QUESTION How far is Congress allowed to go in
  regulating suspected violations of equal
  protection, due process and other basic
  liberties?
• Things to CONSIDER
• The Amendments allow Congress to pass
  appropriate legislation
• Jim Crow Laws
• Plessy v. Ferguson - 1896

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Elizabeth Cady Stanton
"What about women's voting rights?"
Women's Rights Activist
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NAACP

• Timeline 1900-2000
• Founded by
• Ida Wells-Barnett, W.E.B. DuBois et al.
• Protested against racial injustice
• Lobbied for African American rights
• NAACP Homepage

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Impeachment of Andrew Johnson

• Johnson took control of the executive branch in
  1865 following Lincolns assassination. His
  views regarding the direction that Reconstruction
  should take were extremely controversial and
  brought him into conflict with Congress. Johnson
  was brought up on 11 articles of impeachment
  citing among other issues high crimes and
  misdemeanors. In 1867 Congress passed the
  Tenure of Office Act which required Senate
  approval of a replacement before the President
  could remove an official earlier confirmed by the
  Senate. Johnson tested the effectiveness of this
  act in 1868 when he removed Secretary of War,
  Edwin Stanton. (a Radical supporter) Congress
  responded by impeaching the President for, among
  other issues, violation of the Tenure of Office
  Act. On May 16, 1868 the Senate failed to remove
  Johnson from office by 1 vote. Johnsons
  impeachment brought to light some issues
  concerning the activities of an aggressive
  Congress actions against a sitting President.

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• Andrew Johnson
• 17th President
• 1865-69
• 1st President to be Impeached
• Was NOT removed from office by 1 vote

The Impeachment of Andrew Johnson
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The President, Vice President and all civil
Officers of the United States, shall be removed
from Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction
of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and
Misdemeanors. Constitution  
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Andy v. Uncle Sam
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• DECISION TIME Evaluate Johnson's attempt to
  handle the situation.

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• Fair Government???

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• Romeo and Mercutio
• (Note to teacher This cartoon is a good exercise
  in cross-curricular activities with English
  Literature Romeo and Juliet)

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• Andy Loses Power
• (Note to teacher Cross-curricular with English
  Literature)

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ARTIST, Thomas Nast creates a self-portrait with
Johnson as he re-enters the Senate.

• Following his Presidency Johnson struggled in
  politics. He was eventually elected to the
  Senate, but died 5 months into his term.

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• Et Tu Johnson..... The Political Death of a
  President