REPRODUCTION

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REPRODUCTION
ANPS 20 Spring 2003
George Osol, Ph.D George.Osol_at_uvm.edu 656-1203
(w) 879-9502 (h)
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SOME DEFINITIONS...

• Primary sex organs
• Produce germ cells (sperm, ova)
• Endocrine function (testosterone, estrogen)

• Secondary sex organs
• Ductwork (vas deferens, oviduct)
• Associated glands (prostate, cervix)

• Secondary sexual characteristics
• External, appear during puberty
• Attract opposite sex

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Adult seminiferous tubule in cross section
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Infancy
Adultsy
Puberty
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Basic requirements for fertility

• Sufficient number/concentration (20 million\ml)
• Motility (gt50, forward progressive)
• Ability to penetrate ovum (acrosomal enzymes)
• Complete and functional genetic material

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Cellular pattern and time for completion

• Synchronization via cytoplasmic bridges
• Occurs in cycles, about 16 da apart
• Intimate association with Sertoli cells
• Approx. 100-200 million made per day
• Entire process takes about 70 days
• 2-4 weeks in the epididymis

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SERTOLI CELLS ARRANGEMENT w/in SEMINIFEROUS
TUBULE
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FUNCTIONS OF SERTOLI CELLS

• Constitute the blood-testis barrier
• Provide nourishment for spermatozoa
• Secrete luminal fluid
• Site of hormonal (FSH,testosterone) control
• Produce and secrete a hormone - inhibin
• Produce and secrete ABP

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Production of seminal plasma

• Distinction between sperm and semen.
• Composition derived from secretions by
• Prostate (30 of total volume)
• Seminal vesicles (60)
• Bulbourethral (Cowpers glands 5)
• Sperm cells (5)

• Properties nutritive, buffering, clotting,
  antibiotic
• Concept of capacitation/decapacitation

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EXAMPLE OF VARICOCOELE DUE TO OVERDISTENTION OF
THE VENOUS (PAMPINIFORM) PLEXUS
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Components of male sexual function
FUNCTION DEFINITION Erection Penile rigidity
or tumescence (vs. flaccid or detumescent
state) Emission Deposition of seminal fluid into
posterior urethra Ejaculation Passage of
seminal fluid through the urethra and its
expulsion from the urethral
meatus Orgasm Pleasurable feeling associated
with emission and/or ejaculation
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Eight important androgen actions

• Development of male reproductive tract in utero
• Modulation of spermatogenesis /spermiogenesis
• Growth and differentiation of accessory organs
• Expression of secondary sexual characteristics
• Protein anabolism and bone growth
• Sex drive and aggressive behavior
• Erythropoiesis
• Increase in the basal metabolic rate

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Impotence

• Neurogenic
• spinal cord injury neuropathy
• Endocrinologic
• primary or secondary hypogonadism
• Psychogenic
• performance anxiety depression
• Vasculogenic
• atherosclerosis
• Drug-induced
• Miscellaneous

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