The Knee

1
The Knee

• Anatomy Static Support
• Sae Yong Lee

2
Introduction

• Largest joint in body
• Site of devastating orthopedic injuries
• Tenuous construction
• Wt bearing loads through wide ROM
• Torsional Forces

3
Introduction 3 Articulations

• Tibiofemoral
• Patellofemoral
• Proximal (Superior) Tib-fib

4
Joint Characteristics

• Skeletally unstable
• Stability factors
• 1. static stabilizers
• a. joint capsule
• b. ligaments
• c. menisci

5
Joint Characteristics

• Stability factors
• 2. dynamic stability
• a. quadriceps
• b. hamstrings
• c. gastrocnemius

6
Skeletal Anatomy
Tibia - anterior view 1. tibial tuberosity 2.
Gerdys tubercle 3. med/lat condyles 4. med/lat
plateaus 5. intercondylar eminence
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Skeletal Anatomy
Tibia - posterior 1. med/lat condyles 2. med/lat
plateaus 3. intercondylar eminence Note
relationship to fibular head
8
Skeletal Anatomy
Femur - anterior view 1. med/lat condyles 2.
med/lat epicondyles 3. adductor tubercle 4.
femoral trochlea
9
Skeletal Anatomy
Femur - posterior view 1. med/lat condyles 2.
med/lat epicondyles 3. adductor tubercle 4.
intercondylar notch
10
Skeletal Anatomy
Patellofemoral articulation

• Characteristics of condyles
• 1. lateral anterior projection
• 2. medial--gt larger surface
• 3. medial flares posteriorly
• 4. separated by intercondylar
• notch
• site of attachment for cruciates
• width---gt ? injury consideration

11
Skeletal Anatomy
Patellofemoral articulation

• Patella
• 1. sesamoid bone
• 2. functions
• Patellar tracking
• 1. femoral groove
• 2. tracks laterally --gt flexion
• 3. Q-angle

12
Ligaments - Medial Collateral
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Ligaments - Lateral Collateral
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Ligaments - Cruciates

• Anterior - ACL
• reference notation
• from tibial plateau
• to medial wall of
• lateral femoral condyle

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Ligaments - Cruciates
Posterior - PCL from posterior tibial margin
to lateral wall of medial femoral condyle
16
Cartilage
Medial Lateral Fibrocartilaginous Menisci

• Structure -
• Wedge shaped
• Thicker outer border
• Creates concave area
• Medial C-shaped
• Lateral O-shaped
• Tibial attachments

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Cartilage - Menisci

• Lateral meniscus
• 1. Smaller, more mobile
• 3. attaches to ACL
• 4. attaches to femur via meniscofemoral
  ligaments
• Medial meniscus
• 1. attaches to MCL/capsule
• Vascular zone - Avascular zone