The Great War

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The Great War

• 1914-1918

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The Beginning

• By early 1900s, Europe has become a series of
  alliances among countries
• A powderkeg, just waiting for a spark to set off
  explosion
• One of these alliances includes Germany,
  Austria-Hungary, and their colonies (remember
  imperialism!)
• Another alliance includes Russia, France, Serbia,
  England, and the colonies they control

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Austro-Hungarian Royalty

• Austria-Hungary does not want its Balkan states,
  including Serbia, to break away and form Balkan
  League
• Sends Archduke
  Franz-Ferdinand
  wife Sophie on
  meet greet
  tour of Serbia

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Assassination!

• Spark comes when Royal couple visit
  town of Sarajevo
• Serbian college student, Gavril Princip,
  assassinates Austro-Hungarian Archduke
  Franz-Ferdianand his wife Sophie--summer
  of 1914

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And the alliances gather in support

• A-H declares war on Serbia
• Serbias ally, Russia, declares war on A-H
• A-Hs ally, Germany, declares war on Russia
  Serbia
• Russias ally, France,
  declares war on
• And so on. Soon, its

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The Two Sides

• THE ALLIES
• England
• France
• Russia
• more
• ADVANTAGES
• Englands navy
• Russias population

• THE CENTRAL POWERS
• A-H
• Germany
• Ottoman Empire
• more
• ADVANTAGES
• Military might of Germany
• Military might of A-H

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The Central Powers Problem a 2-front war
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New Technology

• Tanks
• British tanks weigh up to 28 tons
• Slow hard to turn around
• Heavy armor well protected

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Tanks

• French tanks
• Have light armor
• Fast quick to turn
• Gun turret swivels

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Trench Warfare

• Used heavily on the western front

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Trenches
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Trenches
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The Machine Gun
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Poison Gas
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Women the Great War
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Russian Women Soldiers
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The Airplane
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The Zepplin
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The Airplane

• http//video.google.com/videoplay?docid5637251486
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• The airplane in The Great War
• Observation
• Bombs
• Half-bricks lengths of chain
• Pistols
• Rifles
• Machine guns

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Aces

• To inspire courage, the very best pilots were
  named aces
• Allies 5 confirmed kills
• Central Powers 10 confirmed
  kills

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Dogfights

• http//video.google.com/videoplay?docid1234252954
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The Best of the Best

• The best fighter pilot of The Great War
• Manfred von Richtoffen
• The Red Baron

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The War

• Both sides thought it would be a short war
• Started in summer, 1914
  over by Christmas
• Wrong!
• Meat grinder on Russian front
• Well-armed German troops fight millions of
  poorly-armed Russian peasants
• Stalemate on Western Front (trenches)

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1917

• By 1917, millions of Russian peasants have died
  senselessly
• Russian people have lost confidence in leadership
  of Tsar Nicholas II (recall disastrous
  Russo - Japanese War of 1905)
• Feb. 1917 February Revolution
• Russian nobles seize control of govt.
• Russia pulls out of Great War
• Makes separate treaty w/Germany

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October Revolution

• The Russian nobles now in charge make few changes
• Bad harvests
• Much crime
• Peasants still starving
• Bolshevik Party of common people overthrow
  nobles seize power
• Leader Vladimir Lenin
• Co-Leader Leon Trotsky

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1917

• The Germans want to keep US out of War
• Send Zimmerman Telegram
• Intercepted by British
• Given to US published in US newspapers

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Zimmerman Telegram
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US Response

• Pres. Wilson asks congress to declare war
• To make the world safe for democracy

Democracy
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Congress Agrees

• Lone dissenting vote Congresswoman
  Jeanette Rankin
• (1st woman in congress)
• The Yanks Are Coming!

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Over There

• http//video.google.com/videoplay?docid5693617272
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