World War I

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World War I

• 1914 - 1918

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Terms to Know

• Pacifism Opposition to all wars
• Militarism glorifying of the military
• Arms Race a competition between countries to
  create the most weapons the fastest

• Pan-Slavism idea that all slavic people shared
  a heritage and should protect each other (Russia)
• Entente a non-binding agreement to follow
  similar policies

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Warning signs

• The German Empire, which Bismarck helped create
  had helped to establish a policy for a balance
  of power
• France, according to Bismark, needed to be
  isolated, or else they would seek revenge for 1871

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Militarism

• an arms race occurred
• and belief that the growth of the military will
  help protect countrieshelps lead to tension
  between Powers.
• People though War would be quick and successful

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Alliance System

• Two Competing sets of alliances are formed, each
  guaranteeing they will go to war if the other is
  attacked
• Triple Entente Russia, England and France
• Triple Alliance Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

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Nationalism

• Jingoism (extreme nationalism)
• People believed the war was inevitable, would be
  quick, and would end with their victory
• This inflated sense of confidence would be a
  weakness

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Imperialism

• No great war had been fought in Europe in almost
  100 years
• Competition and bickering over colonies had
  caused warfare elsewhere, but never at home
• It had been so long, people had not taken into
  account how much warfare had changed.

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The Great Powers and their perspectives

• England
• Angry with Germany over the Alliance system
• Angry at naval arms race
• (2/3 policy)
• (allied with France and Russia)
• France
• Angry with Germany over the loss in the
  Franco-Prussian War
• Eager for revenge
• (allied with England and Russia)

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• Russia
• Badly in need of some prestige after defeats in
  Crimea and Manchuria
• Enormous population but not industrialized
• Mobilization will theoretically take months

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• Germany
• Worried about French taking vengeance on them
• Largest military in Europe
• Schlieffen Plan
• Austria-Hungary
• Poorer cousin of Germany
• Weakened by ethnic strife among slavic population
• Frequent rebellions in the Balkans make it
  unstable and dangerous

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• Italy
• Wants territory from Austria-Hungary
• Butno one cares what Italy wants
• United Statesjust wants to stay out if bad
  things happen

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The Spark

• Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
• Austria declares war on Serbia, Russia declares
  war on Austria, Germany declares war on Russia,
  France declares war on Germany, Germany declares
  war on France, England declares war on Germany,
  Ottoman Empire almost declares war on itself

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Losses..

• Wounded
• Great Britain
• 2,122,000
• France
• 3,044,000
• Italy
• 947,000
• United States
• 206,000
• Austria-Hungary
• 3,620,000
• Russia
• 4,950,000

• Dead
• Great Britain
• 947,000
• France
• 1,385,000
• Italy
• 460,000
• United States
• 115,000
• Austria-Hungary
• 1,200,000
• Russia
• 1,700,000

Germany Dead 1,808,000 Wounded 4,247,000
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Total War

• Pgs. 696 -697

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Europe in 1914
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The Conference Paris 1919

• Big Four Meet
• All nations involved come to Paris to petition
  the victors for land, spoils or nationhood
• Nations not invited are
• Austria-Hungary
• Soviet Union
• Germany
• Bulgaria
• Ottoman Empire

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• Europe After the Versailles treaty
• 1. France gets Alsace and Lorraine back
• 2. Austria-Hungary is broken up into several new
  countries
• 3. Poland is created as an independent nation
• 4. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk is not recognized

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German Terms

• Germany
• accepts full responsibility for the war
  leaders tried for war crimes
• Will pay reparations to France and Great Britain
  in the amount of 132 billion marks
• Surrenders 13 of its pre-war territory all of
  its overseas colonies

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More German Terms

• The western half of Germany is a de-militarized
  zone
• German army is limited to 100,000 men
• No artillery
• No U-boats
• No aircraft
• No tanks
• No weapon manufacture

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Europe after the treaty of Versailles